tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87801877020739162902024-03-12T16:46:48.243-07:00Write research paperalyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-85637961251932126822020-09-02T19:40:00.001-07:002020-09-02T19:40:07.929-07:00Why zinedine zidane consider to be my hero EssayWhy zinedine zidane consider to be my legend - Essay Example I accept that Zinedine Zidane is the best football player of the advanced period as a result of the manner in which he could control a football. He is just one of two players to win the FIFA World Player of the Year grant multiple times (Ronaldo being the other). At club level, he won trophies in three significant groups: France, Italy, and Spain. Nonetheless, as I would see it, his most noteworthy ever triumph came in the French shirt at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. In the last France were longshots against an exceptionally liked Brazilian side. On the day, Zinedine Zidane ventured sufficient and scored with two headers, bringing about a 3-0 French win. Two or after three years, Zidane likewise won the EURO 2000 title, helping the French group rout the Italians in the last. I grew up viewing Zidane at the pinnacle of his forces, and I would contend that nobody has since had the option to arrive at such statures. In the 1998 FIFA World Cup, the competition was being facilitated in France without precedent for a long time. France presently couldn't seem to win a World Cup, so there was incredible desire that the group would at long last bring home the trophy. As of now, France was turning into a more multi-social country, with various African workers settling in the nation. Despite the fact that Zidane was conceived in Marseille, he had Algerian family line. He was in this manner the perfect individual to lead the French country into another period. When the French group became title holders, the country cheered for a considerable length of time. Zidane turned into a moment legend short-term and assisted with joining the French individuals therefore. For some African outsiders, Zidane was a definitive good example; he originated from an Algerian foundation however had the option to get one of the most regarded individuals in French society. Right up 'til the present time, I admire Zidane as so mebody who can join a country in bliss and joy. At last, I acknowledge Zidane for all the cause work that he has done since his retirement from football. Zidane has taken an interest in good cause football coordinates in alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-62132587869722006382020-08-22T16:48:00.001-07:002020-08-22T16:48:33.849-07:00A Review of the Article ââ¬ÅObama Presses BP to Recover More Oilââ¬Â Free EssaysRegulation of oil from the ongoing spill at the Gulf of Mexico, evaluated to be 60,000 barrels every day, has been postponed by the nearness of high breezes and waves from Hurricane Alex (Broder, para.2). Be that as it may, as indicated by Broder, there is a time of seven days of anticipated quiet climate wherein President Obama has squeezed BP to recoup more oil. We will compose a custom article test on A Review of the Article ââ¬Å"Obama Presses BP to Recover More Oilâ⬠or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Accordingly, BP will connect an oil recuperation transport known as the Helix Producer to the spouting admirably catching up to 25,000 barrels per day (Broder, para. 2). This will be done at the same time with sending of another, more tightly fitting top for the well. The mix will catch up to 50,000 barrels and another 30,000 barrels per day from extra ships before the well is killed by mid-August (Broder, para.12) The authorââ¬â¢s predisposition is portrayed by means of his endeavors in drawing out the endeavors of BP in dealing with the oil slick. For example the article expresses that work is going on in two separate alleviation wells that may for all time kill the spouting admirably (Broder, para.7). Besides, he refers to high breezes and waves from Hurricane Alex as a clarification for the postponements in catching the regurgitate and topping the well (Broder, para. 2). The reason for this article is to educate the general population on the status regarding the emergency and the moves being made to control the oil slick. For instance, the creator reports that the deferred control of the oil slick from the inlet is because of troublesome climate conditions (Broder, para.3). He additionally clarifies that BP will supplant the top with another, tight-fitting one out of an offer to contain the spill. Also, BP will utilize recuperation boats to gather 80,000 barrels every day (Broder, para.13). The intended interest group of this article is the overall population. This is clear as the article gives an account of the correspondence that happens among BP and the Obama organization. For example, the creator takes note of that the organization sent BP a letter looking for explanation on how it wanted to limit the oil stream during the topping of the well (Broder, para.5). The creator gives a knowledge into the most recent improvements in the administration of the oil slick catastrophe. The concerned experts in Latin American nations for instance Mexico and Cuba are made mindful of the extent of the issue. The creator expresses that there is an oil slick of around 60,000 barrels every day into the Gulf waters (Broder, para.13). It infers that the oil slick may arrive at Latin American shores causing genuine harm. This has provoked the Latin American nations to offer help with handling the oil slick. For example, Mexico has offered two vessels prepared for oil skimming and 2.6 miles of blast. Further south, Brazil has helped in the emergency through specialized mastery (Jordan, para.2). The oil slick of this size requires collaboration between the Government and BP. It is significant that the emergency is settled rapidly to turn away more misfortunes. BP should misuse each positive open door, for example, the term of the quiet climate to finish topping the well. Likewise, support offered to the Government by the Latin American nations for instance Mexico and Cuba is welcome. This is on the grounds that they have personal stakes in observing this issue handled or, in all likelihood they also would be unfavorably influenced if the spill arrived at their shores. Works Cited Broder, John M. Obama Presses BP to Recover More Oil. July 2010. 28 July 2010 http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD1039F93AA35754C0A9669D8B63ref=john_m_broder. Jordan, Levi J. Oil slick Diplomacy: The Response from the Americas. 2010. 28 July 2010 http://www.as-coa.org/article.php?id=2479. The most effective method to refer to A Review of the Article ââ¬Å"Obama Presses BP to Recover More Oilâ⬠, Papers alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-80953067583512804642020-08-21T14:30:00.001-07:002020-08-21T14:30:12.841-07:00Great Customer Service EssayExtraordinary Customer Service Essay Extraordinary Customer Service Essay Friendliness is a piece of the administration business, an industry that gets more cash and makes a larger number of occupations than some other. In the accommodation business and all the more explicitly upper fragment lodging eateries giving neighborliness, the happiness regarding top notch nourishment and refreshments is seen as a major aspect of an exceptional culture. Client care isn't a division; it is a significant capacity of each worker. Poor client care causes a negative out-come since one disappointed client as a rule approaches 10 others since they found out about the awful help through verbal. This is something that your association needs to maintain a strategic distance from, which is the reason the individuals you select to collaborate with clients are so significant. Fundamentally, on the off chance that you don't give great help you won't be ready to go long. The most ideal approach to guarantee that your clients experience the most ideal assistance from everybody in your association is to make an extremely solid corporate culture dependent on giving that experience. Incredible client care isn't only the activity of the Sales Rep or Help Line staff. It is everybody's activity! There are a few distinct approaches to guarantee your organization is giving extraordinary client support. Make a framework for estimating consumer loyalty: 1. Catch the voice of the client, 2. Populate your association with individuals who will build consumer loyalty 3. Lessen objections, 4. Construct client devotion, increment deals, and make huge gains in gainfulness. My experience included a server at an eatery in Savannah, GA Longhorn steakhouse. Subsequent to getting off a 17 hour departure from Korea we were too depleted to even think about cooking anything to eat, so we chose to eat at the Longhorn steakhouse. We showed up later than expected, appear as though they were preparing to close, however we had in any event an additional 30 minutes so we were welcomed and accompanied to our seats. Presently this was our first American eatery we had eaten at over the most recent two years. We were extremely eager to at last find the opportunity to eat some obvious American nourishment in the US, it had been bound to happen. As the server took our request I notice she had a disposition, so it appear. After our request was finished I requested that her recurrent the request back simply encase she missed something, we could fix it on the spot. Obviously, she had a mentality, so promptly I inquire as to whether something wasn't right and her reaction was , ââ¬Å"NOâ⬠. As the night went on the server mentality began to influence me, so I chose to request the supervisor and my better half requested that I let it go. I said no, on the grounds that we are going through our well deserved cash here and we ought to be dealt with superior to this. By then I was distraught and I was not eager any longer, I was excessively irritated to eat. While looking out for the supervisor I caught a alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-16651041529887576552020-06-02T02:57:00.001-07:002020-06-02T02:57:04.701-07:00PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI SEIMBANG DAN KOMPREHENSIF - Free Essay Example PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI SEIMBANG DAN KOMPREHENSIF YB. DATO MUSTAFA MOHAMAD MENTERI DI JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI DR. AMINI AMIR ABDULLAH PENGARAH PUSAT ISLAM UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA Bermaksud: Dan carilah pada apa yang telah dianugerahkan Allah kepada kamu (kebahagiaan) di akhirat dan janganlah kamu melupakan bahagian kamu dari (kenikmatan) duniawi dan berbuat baiklah (kepada orang lain) sebagaimana Allah telah berbuat baik, kepadamu, dan janganlah kamu berbuat kerosakan di mukabumi. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kerosakan. [Surah Al-Qasas: 77] Pengenalan Pembangunan Malaysia berprinsip ekonomi Islam. Kerajaan telah memperkenalkan konsep Islam Hadhari dalam usaha meneruskan agenda pembangunan negara yang memberi penekanan kepada pembangunan manusia, masyarakat dan negara. Konsep Islam Hadhari memperjelaskan lagi apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pembangunan menyeluruh yang menjadi teras Wawasan 2020 terutama dari segi keseimbangan pembangunan kebendaan dengan kerohanian. Kerajaan juga berhasrat untuk memperkukuhkan lagi sistem ekonomi Islam di Malaysia khususnya dalam sektor kewangan Islam. YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi menegaskan: Islam Hadhari memberi tekanan kepada pembangunan. Pembangunan yang menjurus kepada pembinaan peradaban. Peradaban yang dicanai dengan pegangan Islam dan memberi fokus kepada usaha mempertingkatkan mutu kehidupan. Mempertingkatkan mutu kehidupan melalui penguasaan ilmu, pembangunan insan, pembangunan kesihatan serta pembangunan fizikal. Mempertingkatkan mutu kehidupan dengan mengamalkan sistem ekonomi, sistem perdagangan dan sistem kewangan yang dinamik. Pembangunan sepadu dan seimbang bagi melahirkan umat yang berilmu dan beriman, bertamadun tinggi, berakhlak mulia, jujur lagi amanah, serta bersedia menangani cabaran semasa dunia global. (Ucapan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur). Islam tidak mengakui wujudnya pertentangan di antara kehidupan keduniaan dengan kerohanian. Islam tertonjol bukan sekadar untuk membentuk peribadi manusia, tetapi juga membentuk masyarakat yang sejahtera dan bahagia sehingga ajaran Allah di bumi ini dapat ditegakkan. Islam adalah satu-satunya agama yang menganjurkan keseimbangan antara keperluan dunia dan akhirat, rohani dan jasmani. Banyak ayat-ayat al-Quran yang menggalakkan manusia untuk meraih kedudukan yang seimbang antara keperluan-keperluan rohani dan jasmani. Antaranya ialah firman Allah s.a.w. : Bermaksud: Dan carilah pada apa yang telah dianugerahkan Allah kepada kamu (kebahagiaan) di akhirat dan janganlah kamu melupakan bahagian kamu dari (kenikmatan) duniawi dan berbuat baiklah (kepada orang lain) sebagaimana Allah telah berbuat baik, kepadamu, dan janganlah kamu berbuat kerosakan di mukabumi. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kerosakan. [Surah Al-Qasas: 77] Islam juga berbeza dengan agama-agama lain kerana ia tidak memisahkan antara kehidupan jasmani dengan kehidupan rohani, individu dan masyarakat dan unsur-unsur keduniaan dengan keakhiratan. Islam mengajarkan supaya berdoa untuk mendapatkan kebaikan di dunia bersama-sama dengan akhirat. Firman Allah s.w.t.: Bermaksud : Ada di antara manusia yang berdoa,Ya Tuhan kami, berilah kami kebaikan di dunia dan kebaikan di akhirat dan peliharalah kami daripada siksaan api neraka. Islam juga mengharuskan manusia mengambil faedah dan menggunakan keperluan-keperluan dunia untuk menuju ke akhirat. Tiada larangan untuk manusia mencari kebahagiaan di dunia asalkan ianya dilakukan secara tidak melanggar adab dan peraturan Allah s.w.t.. Firman Allah s.w.t.: bermaksud : Katakanlah ( Wahai Muhammad ) : Siapakah yangÃâà Ãâà ( berani ) mengharamkan perhiasan Allah yang telah dikurniakannya untuk hamba-hambanya, dan demikian juga benda-benda yang baik lagi halal dari rezeki yang dikurniakannya. Katakanlah: Semuanya itu ialah ( nikmat-nikmat ) untuk orang-orang yang beriman ( dan juga tidak beriman ) dalam kehidupan dunia ( Nikmat-nkmat itu pula) hanya tertentu ( bagi orang-orang yang beriman sahaja ) pada hari Kiamat. Demikianlah kami jelaskan ayat-ayat keterangan kami satu persatu bagi orang-orang yang (mahu) mengetahui. Umat Islam harus berusaha demi untuk kesejahteraan hidup keduniaan agar tidak ketinggalan dalam era mengejar kemajuan di dunia. Namun begitu, umat Islam tidak harus lupa bahawa kehidupan di dunia merupakan tempat untuk menguji tahap keimanan seseorang. Di dalam al-Quran dijelaskan: Bermaksud: Patutkah manusia menyangka bahawa mereka akan dibiarkan dengan hanya berkata: Kami berimanÃâà sedangkan mereka tidak diuji (dengan sesuatu cubaan). Demi sesungguhnya kami telah menguji orang-orang yang terdahulu daripada mereka, maka (dengan ujian yang demikian), nyata apa yang diketahui Allah tentang orang-orang yang sebenar-benarnya beriman, dan nyata pula apa yang diketahuinya tentang orang-orang yang berdusta. Harus diingat, di dalam mengejar kepentingan keduniaan, Al-Quran memperingatkan umat manusia agar tidak terperangkap dengan nikmat-nikmat dunia. Ini jelas di dalam firman Allah s.w.t: Bermaksud: Katakanlah bahawa ( yang dikatakan ) kehidupan dunia itu tidak lain hanyalah ( bawaan hidup yang berupa semata-mata) permainan dan hiburan ( yang melalaikan ) serta perhiasan ( yang mengurang ) , juga ( bawaan hidup yang bertujuan ) bermegah-megah di antara kamu ( dengan kelebihan, kekuatan dan bangsa keturunan ) serta (berlumba-lumba memperbanyakkan harta benda dan anak pinak; semuanya itu terhad waktunya ) samalah seperti hujan yang ( menumbuhkan tanaman yang menghijau subur ) menjadikan penanamnya suka dan tertarik hati kepada kesuburannya, kemudian tanaman itu bergerak segar ( ke suatu masa yang tertentu ), selepas itu engkau melihatnya menjadi kuning, akhirnya ianya menjadi hancur bersepai, dan di akhirat ada azab yang berat ( disediakan bagi golongan yang hanya mengutamakan kehidupan di dunia itu ), dan ( ada pula ) keampunan besar serta keredhaan Allah ( disediakan bagi orang-orang yang mengutamakan akhirat ). Dan ( ingatlah bahawa ) kehidupan dunia ini tidak lain hanyalah kes enangan bagi orang-orang yang terpedaya. Al-Quran meletakkan hirarki kehidupan akhirat lebih baik daripada kehidupan dunia. Akhirat mesti dijadikan matlamat berserta dengan persediaan yang lengkap di dunia. Sebab itu al-Quran memberi amaran kepada mereka yang mementingkan dunia tanpa membuat persediaan untuk akhirat sebagaimana firman Allah s.w.t : bermaksud; Sesiapa yang keadaan usahanya semata-mata berkehendakkan kehidupan dunia dan perhiasannyaÃâà ( dengan tidak disaksikan sama oleh al-Quran tentang sah batalnya ), maka kami akan sempurnakan hasil usaha mereka di dunia, dan mereka tidak dikurangkan sedikitpun padanya. Merekalah orang-orang yang tiada baginya pada hari akhirat kelak selain daripada azab neraka, dan pada hari itu gugurlah apa yang mereka lakukan di dunia, dan batallah apa yang mereka telah kerjakan. Falsafah Tauhid dan Bidang Ekonomi Usaha-usaha kerajaan dalam aspek pembangunan ekonomi adalah selari dengan falsafah dan prinsip program Islam Hadhari. Ia bertujuan untuk melindungi ketidakadilan dalam pemerolehan, perkhidmatan dan penggunaan sumber alam, dengan memenuhi kepuasan manusia untuk melaksanakan tanggungjawab terhadap Allah s.w.t. dan masyarakat keseluruhannya. Keperluan kebendaaan dan kerohanian manusia hendaklah dipenuhi dalam bentuk yang bersepadu. Pendekatan ini memberi tempat yang utama kepada kesepaduan nilai etika dan moral dalam semua keperluan dan tindak-tanduk manusia termasuklah dalam beraktiviti ekonomi. Falsafah tauhid menganjurkan kesatuan dalam ilmu pengetahuan untuk mendidik manusia bagi kebahagiaan hidup (al-saadah) dan keredhaan Allah s.w.t.. llmu ekonomi dan yang berkaitan dengannya turut sama berperanan yang pada akhirnya mendukung martabat dan kemuliaan Islam. Penumpuan pembangunan dalam negara adalah secara bersepadu dan komprehensif dengan penekanan diberikan lebih kepada dimensi kerohanian di samping dimensi kebendaan tidak disisihkan. penghayatan akhlak Islam disertakan dalam semua urusan dan operasi ekonomi. Falsafah tauhid turut mengajar usaha mewujudkan semangat al-adl wa al-ihsan dalam menghayati urusan ekonomi, sesuai dengan firman Allah s.w.t.: yang bermaksud: Sesungguhnya Allah menyuruh berlaku adil, dan berbuat kebaikan, serta memberi bantuan kepada kaum kerabat; dan melarang daripada melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan yang keji dan mungkar serta kezaliman. Ia mengajar kamu (dengan suruhan dan laranganNya ini), supaya kamu mengambil peringatan mematuhiNya. (Surah al-Nahl: ayat 90) Tauhid juga mendidik manusia supaya sentiasa peka dalam perhubungan mereka dengan penciptaan dengan penggunaan sumber-sumber dengan secekap mingkin, tidak membazir, dan memperhitungkan akibat dari penggunaan sumber-sumber tersebut suoaya kebajikan dapat dijaga. Konsep dan Prinsip Ekonomi Seimbang dan Komprehensif Konsep pertama ialah konsep rububiyyah, yang menekankan sifat Allah s.w.t. sebagai Penguasa yang membuat peraturan dan bertujuan menjaga dan menampung kehidupan makhluk demi kabahagiaan dunia dan Akhirat. Sebagai Pencipta alam semesta ini, hanya Allah s.w.t. sahajakah yang mengerti perjalanan dan pengisian yang terbaik untuk alam dan makhluk-Nya. Lantaran itu segala peraturan da nsistem yang bersumberkan wahyu adalah demi keharmonian, keadilandan kesejahteraan hidup manusia. Dalam ekonomi Islam, terdapat konsep tazkiyah untuk membentuk kesucian jiwa dan ketinggian akhlak melalui pembersihan harta dengan mengeluarkan zakat dan bersedekah. Pembersihan jiwa juga dapat dibentuk dengan mengikis sifat bakhil dan kedekut, tamak haloba dan eksploitasi serta diganti dengan sifat pemurah dan dermawan, zuhd dan qanaah di samping kompromi dan pengagihan sama rata serta sikap saling bekerjasama dan membantu. Pembersihan interaksi dan kemanusiaan dapat diwujudkan dengan peluang-peluang sama rata dalam aktiviti ekonomi atas jalinan silaturrahim tanpa ada unsur-unsur pilih kasih ataupun kerana darjat. Keluhuran konsep ini menjadi natijah daripada pelaksanaan konsep rububiyyah. Segala aktiviti di dunia perlu dilihat dari segi nilai kini bagi natijah pada Hari Akhirat. Oleh sebab hidup di dunia ini berupa cubaan untuk menguji sesiapa yang terbaik amalannya, sama ada amalan keagamaan ataupun keduniaan, dan semua pemberiaan yang tersedia kepada manusia adalah dalam bentuk amanah, manusia bertanggungjawab kepada Allah s.w.t dan kejayaan pada hari Akhirat nanti bergantung kepada prestasinya di dunia. Kerana di dunia ini aktiviti ekonomi merupakan salah satu daripada unsur-unsurnya. Maka soal amanah dan kebertanggungjawaban tidak dapat lari dari dipersoalkan pada Hari Akhirat kelak.Manusia sebagai khalifah Allah merupakan pemegang amanah yang bererti memakmurkan dunia yang masih tidak terputus daripada hubungan dengan unsur-unsur tauhid dan rububiyyah. Tatacara perhubungan sesama manusia adalah asas satu unsur persaudaraan dan kesamaan. Ini akan mendorong kepada nilai-nilai murni dan merujuk keamanan sejagat. Juga harus diingat, dunia ini kepunyaan Allah s.w.t. H arta kepunyaan manusia bukanlah bersifat mutlak, bahkan ia menjadi ujian dan amanah Allah s.w.t Kesedaran pemilikan secara ini akan menjadikan manusia menguruskan pemilikannya secara yang diredhai oleh Allah s.w.t. Prinsip Ekonomi Kebebasan Terhad dan Menurut Nili-nillai Akhlak Islam tidak sahaja memberi kebebasan dalam bidang-bidang ekonomi tetapi ia juga memberi perlindungan terhadap apa yang telah diperoleh. Nilai-nilai akhlak dan sifat-sifat terpuji menjadi asas pengisian prinsip kebebasan. Segala amalan ekonomi yang bertentangan syariah Islamiah dianggap menyalahgunakan pengertian kebebasan.kebebasan. Oleh itu, amalan ekonomi tidak boleh menyalahi peraturan syari ah Islam. Hak Milik Swasta atau Awam Cara mendapat harta haruslah dengan jalan halal (bukan dengan melakukan amalan riba, penipuan, penindasan, rasuah, eksploitasi dan cara-cara lain yang bertentangan dengan Islam). Hasil pendapatan swasta ataupun persendirian hendaklah dikeluarkan zakat atau cukainya untuk sumbangan ke jalan Allah s.w.t. (seperti sedekah, pembinaan sekolah dan sebagainya). Dalam agihan milik swasta hendaklah dielakkan hal-hal yang boleh mengakibatkan perluasan jurang pendapatan dan membahayakan orang lain atau alam sekitar. Campur Tangan Pihak Pengguasa Syari ah Islamiah mengharuskan konsep campur tangan pihak pemerintah dalam kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi, sama ada dalam bentuk pengurusan, penyusunan, agihan dan perancangan. Dengan kuasa politik di tangan pemerintah, ia berhak campur tangan dalam ekonomi Negara untuk melindungi dan menjamin kestabilan dan keadilan sosial, dengan syarat ia mesti bersandarkan syari ah. Pihak penguasa yang diberi kepercayaan oleh rakyat bertanggungjawab menjaga dan memelihara peraturan masyarakat secara akhusus untuk menegakkan keadilan Ilahi. Prinsip Keadilan Sosial Prinsip ini ialah asas yang dinamik untuk mengatur dan melaksanakan urusan ekonomi dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Kecemerlangan sistem ekonomi memerlukan sistem penyusunan kegiatan ekonomi yang berteraskan semangat keadilan. Semangat ini memberi ruang kepada semua individu untuk berfungsi secara positif dan optimis. Pengendalian ekonomi dan mekanisme kegiatan ekonomi mesti dapat menuju kea rah wujudnya keadilan ekonomi. Sesebuah Negara pula hendaklah dapat menyediakan keperluan hidup asasi individu melalui pencapaaian-pencapaian berikut: a. Pemeliharaan penghayatan keagamaan melalui penerapan nilai agama dalam semua urusan hidup. b. Menaikkan taraf daya berfikir masyarakat dan kualiti ilmu. c. Memberikan kebebasan dan jaminan perundangan kepada masyarakat supaya menyuarakan pendapat sesuai dengan prinsip shura. d. Jaminan dalam menentukan kebebasan kerjasama pihak swasta dan kerajaan, dalam ataupun luar Negara dalam usaha mengaktifkan modal dan mencetuskan kegiatan dan peluang ekonomi. e. Membina tamadun yang kukuh agar generasi mendatang terus mengecap kecemerlangan. Prinsip Kemuafakatan Islam menekankan semangat muafakat untuk mengurangkan pertelingkahan antara pasangan-pasangan unit ekonomi seperti majikan dengan pekerja, penjual dengan pembeli, pengeluar dengan pengguna, dan sebagainya dalam sistem ekonomi yang berasaskan tauhid. Ini kerana semua unit ekonomi tersebut mempunyai matlamat dan arah yang sama, iaitu mengabdikan diri kepada nilai keadilan dan muafakat yang dituntut oleh agama. Pendekatan ini sekeras-kerasnya menolak pendekatan hidup dalam sistem ideology secular sepertu yang terkandung di dalam falsafah struggle for existence. Islam menekankan cooperation for existence sebagai asas pegangan hidup yang bersesuaian dengan falsafah tauhid. Prinsip Istikhlaf Manusia ialah khalifah Allah di atas muka bumi ini dan pemegang amanah untuk memakmurkan dunia. Semia di dunia ini menjadi hak milik mutlak Allah s.w.t. dan dicipta untuk keprluan manusia. Manusia bertanggungjawab kepada Allah s.w.t. dan apa yang diusaha dan dimiliki. Prinsip ini menggariskan pemilikan harta hendaklah memalui cara yang diredhai Allah s.w.t. penggunaan harta untuk kebajikan pemiliknya dan juga masyarakat, juga melibatkan pengaliran harta dalam apa jua bidang ekonomi. Prinsip Bekerja dan Ganjaran Penglibatan dalam kegiatana ekonomi merupakan ibadah. Setiap penglibatan mestilah diberikan ganjaran yang setimpal. Pemerintah mestilah mewujudkan peluang pekerjaan kepada masyarakat. Riba pula terkeluar daripada prinsip ini kerana ia diperoleh tanpa usaha. Konsep kerja ini akan membawa kepada peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat yang disertai dengan keadilan pengagihan harta dan kekayaan. Prinsip Keuntungan dan Kerugian Prinsip untung dan rugi adalah lumrah dalam muamalat Islam, bahkan ia juga menjadi asasnya. Berdasarkan prinsip ini, mekanisme seperti mudarabah dan mushakarah digalakkan dalam aktiviti ekonomi. Ia menjamin keadilan di samping menegaskan konsep saling memerlukan antara pengusaha dengan pemilik modal. Prinsip Menjauhkan Pembuatan Merosakkan Islam menganjurkan segala bentuk keruntuhan akhlak, kerosakan diri, kerosakan masyarakat, kepincangan keluarga dan kerosakan alam persekitaran hendaklah dijauhi dalam kegiatan berekonomi. Oleh itu, terdapat perkara-perkara yang diharamkan oleh Islam seperti penindasan, penipuan, pencurian, pencemaran alam, pembaziran dan sebagainya dalam sistem ekonomi Islam. Islam dan Perebutan Peluang Peningkatan Taraf Hidup Islam mengajarkan bahawa dalam melakukan amal ibadah dan menuju ke alam akhirat, dunia ini janganlah diabaikan. Dunia ini menjadi lading ataupun jambatan, manakala matlamat akhir segala aktiviti manusia adalah untuk kejayaan dan kebahagiaan di dunia ataupun akhirat. Firman Allah s.w.t.: Bermaksud: Dan carilah pada apa yang telah dianugerahkan Allah kepada kamu (kebahagiaan) di akhirat dan janganlah kamu melupakan bahagian kamu dariÃâà (kenikmatan) duniawi dan berbuat baiklah (kepada orang lain) sebagaimana Allah telah berbuat baik kepadamu, dan janganlah kamu berbuat kerosakan di mukabumi. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang berbuat kerosakan. [Surah Al-Qasas: 77] Islam juga mengajarkan kita agar merebut segenap peluang yang ada bagi memajukan diri, masyarakat, negara dan agama sebelum terlambat atau terlepas peluang-peluang itu. Dalam satu sabda Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. diperjelaskan yang maksudnya berbunyi: Rebutlah peluang lima keadaan sebelum datangnya lima yang lain keadaan mudamu sebelum datangnya keadaan tuamu, dan keadaan sihatmu sebelum datangnya keadaan sakitmu, dan keadaanmu dalam keberadaan sebelum datangnya keadaanmu berhajat, dan keadaan lapangmu sebelum datangnya keadaan sibukmu, dan keadaanmu masih hidup sebelum datangnya matimu. (Riwayat Al-Tirmizi) Malaysia sedang mengorak langkah untuk menjadi pusat perkhidmatan kewangan Islam global yang mampu bersaing di persada kewangan antarabangsa. Kita bermula dengan penubuhan Bank Islam Berhad dan kita sedang menuju ke suatu arah yang jelas untuk dicontohi oleh negara lain terutamanya dalam aspek kewangan, perbankan dan ekonomi Islam. Malaysia kini sedang menjadi perhatian negara-negara Islam lain dan menjadi contoh untuk diambil pengajaran oleh negara-negara lain. Bukan sahaja dalam aspek ekonomi Islam kita sedang dipelajari, bahkan Malaysia merupakan peneraju kepada Pertubuhan Persidangan Islam (OIC) yang mana YAB Perdana Menteri adalah pengerusinya. Kita juga adalah negara Islam contoh dan kita juga adalah model negara Islam bermasyarakat berbilang kaum dan mempunyai pelbagai agama. Kejayaan negara kita mengekalkan kestabilan dan keharmonian antara kaum adalah satu rekod yang perlu kita pertahankan dengan kompleksiti kepelbagaian kaum. Dasar-dasar sedia ada di negara kita telah terbukti dan mampu mempertahankan rekod kejayaan keharmonian perpaduan antara kaum yang cukup baik. Kita juga berharap semoga rakyat semua akan dapat bersama Islam Hadhari bagi merealisasikan pemupukan integrasi nasional dan meningkatkan tahap kesetiaan kita kepada negara dan kepatuhan kita kepada undang-undang dan perlembagaan negara. ISLAM HADHARI DAN PERSPEKTIF PENGURUSAN NEGARA ISLAM SERTA PEMBANGUNAN BERSEPADU Pembangunan bersepadu ialah pembangunan yang berasaskan kesepaduan iman, akhlak, kerohanian dan kebendaan. Ilmu-ilmu dan objektif yang berkaitan dengan pembangunan, negara, kemasyarakatan dan manusia tidak dipisah-pisahkan antara satu sama lain. Pembangunan bersepadu juga bersangkutan dengan pembangunan insan yang berpegang pada prinsip-prinsip peraturan Allah dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, manusia sesama manusia, manusia dengan alam sekitar dan manusia dengan makhluk-makhluk ciptaan Allah. Dalam konteks ini juga, manusia sebenarnya adalah pemegang amanah Allah. Dunia ini adalah amanah Allah untuk dimanfaatkan dan dimakmurkan mengikut ketentuan yang Allah perintahkan. Usaha-usaha manusia harus dilakukan mengikut landasan-landasan yang ditetapkan oleh Allah s.w.t.. Islam memberikan perhatian yang serius kepada pembangunan insan berbanding dengan pembangunan-pembangunan lain kerana di tangan insanlah terletaknya inisiatif dan perlaksanaan membangunkan bidang-bidang lain. Secara dasarnya, apabila baik (muhsin, muslih, soleh) insan itu maka baiklah juga perlaksanaannya menurut tuntutan Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, ini tidaklah boleh diertikan Islam sebagai mengenepikan pembangunan-pembangunan lain. Islam juga mementingkan pembangunan material, negara, masyarakat dan keluarga. Justeru itu, bidang-bidang ini mesti disepadukan dengan pembangunan insan tadi.Ãâà Taqwa merupakan ciri terpenting yang patut terdapat dalam pembangunan. Pembangunan bertaqwa ialah pembangunan yang menjuruskan hati, perasaan dan matlamat kehidupan untuk mematuhi titah perintah Allah s.w.t. dan menjauhi larangannya. Taqwa merupakan paksi pembangunan perspektif Islam. Setiap perbuatan dinilai baik-buruknya berdasarkan neraca Allah s.w.t. dan bukannya manusia. Firman Allah s.w.t.: Perbandingan syurga yang dijanjikan untuk orang yang bertaqwa itu ialah mengalir air sungai di bawahnya, makanannya tidak habis-habis, begitu juga naunganNya. Begitulah kesudahannya orang yang bertaqwa, dan kesudahan orang yang kafir itu ialah api neraka. Menurut Islam, Allah telah melantik manusia sebagai khalifahNya di atas muka bumi ini. Manusia diberikan beberapa kualiti untuk mentadbir dunia dan hal ehwalnya, diberikan tanggungjawab dan amanah untuk memenuhi tuntutan-tuntutan Allah dengan bentuk fizikal yang terbaik dan bersesuaian.Ãâà Justeru itu, pembalasan-pembalasan baik dan buruk akan diberikan oleh Allah s.w.t. berkenaan dengan perlaksanaan tuntutan-tuntutan Allah tadi. Manusia akan dipersoalkan oleh Allah di Akhirat kelak untuk segala aktiviti-aktivitinya yang dijalankan di atas dunia ini. Manusia patut menggunakan seluruh keupayaan akal dan potensinya untuk mendapatkan keredhaan Allah s.w.t. Ringkasnya, segala tenaga dan keupayaannya patut ditumpukan pada membangunkan dunia ini menurut kehendak Allah s.w.t. mengikut cara yang dikehendaki olehNya. Manusia patut bersedia menjawab persoalan-persoalan yang akan ditanya oleh Allah s.w.t. di akhirat kelak berkenaan dengan dirinya, keluarga, jiran, masyarakat, aktiviti eko nomi, pekerjaan, pendidikan, perundangan, penguatkuasaan undang-undang, urusan pemerintahan, negara, peperangan dan sebagainya. Kejayaan sebenar(Al-Falah) dan pembangunan hanya akan dapat diraih sekiranya manusia memberikan sepenuh tumpuan kehidupannya untuk menjawab persoalan-persoalan ini.Ãâà Ãâà Misi para Nabi adalah mensucikan diri manusia dalam proses-proses pembangunan yang dialami oleh manusia. Konsep (Tazkiyyah) mengambil kira penyucian manusia dalam hubungan-hubungan manusia-Tuhan, manusia sesama manusia, manusia-makhluk dan manusia-alam sekitar. Konsep ini akan mengharmonikan kesejahteraan alam semesta dan manusia dan mempertingkatkan hubungan-hubungan di atas untuk mencapai kejayaan di dunia dan di akhirat. Pembangunan dalam Islam berasaskan Tauhid iaitu hanya Allah s.w.t. dan tiada lainnya yang menjadi dasar keyakinan, objektif hidup dan motivasi memajukan kehidupan, usaha dan perbuatan. Berasaskan paradigma tauhid, segala aktiviti manusia didasarkan kepada otoriti Allah s.w.t. kerana Allahlah sahaja yang mempunyai otoriti mutlak menganugerahkan sesuatu atau menarik balik nikmat itu. Justeru itu, segala aspek berkaitan dengan pembangunan itu mestilah dilandasi mengikut kehendakNya. Islam menganjurkan keseimbangan (al-Tawazun) antara tuntutan dunia dan akhirat. Keseimbangan juga dituntut antara pembangunan rohani dan jasmani, sprituil dan material, akal dan nafsu. Persoalan pembangunan seimbang akan membawa kita kepada persoalan nilai antara dua elemen asas dalam keseimbangan pembangunan menurut perspektif Islam. Tuntutan dunia dan akhirat mestilah berdasarkan kriteria marufat (baik) dan munkarat (buruk atau keji). Pembangunan material haruslah diseimbangkan dengan pembangunan spiritual. Inilah yang dimaksudkan oleh Allah s.w.t. berkaitan dengan pembangunan negara iaitu negara yang aman makmur mendapat pengampunan Tuhannya(Baldatun taiyyibatun wa rabbun Ghafur). Pembangunan berakhlak ialah pembangunan yang berasaskan misi agung Rasulallah s.a.w. iaitu misi menyempurnakan akhlak yang mulia. Pembangunan berakhlak akan memanifestasikan objektif akhlak itu terancang, tersusun dan terbangun mengikut akhlak Islam. Terdapat sebuah hadis yang memperingatkan tentang akhlak yang boleh dijadikan sandaran perlaksanaan pembangunan berakhlak. Sabda Rasulallah s.a.w. yang maksudnya seperti berikut: Tiga perkara yang menyelamatkan, iaitu takut pada Allah ketika bersendirian dan dikhalayak ramai, berlaku adil pada ketika suka dan marah, berjimat cermat ketika susah dan senang dan tiga perkara yang membinasakan iaitu mengikut hawa nafsu, terlampau bakhil dan kekaguman seseorang terhadap dirinya sendiri. (Riwayat Abu Syeikh) Keadilan merupakan merupakan salah satu daripada ciri-ciri pembangunan berakhlak. Adil bermaksud meletakkan sesuatu pada tempatnya. Maka pembangunan yang adil ialah pembangunan yang dilakukan bersesuaian dengan tempatnya dalam konteks bernegara, bermasyarakat dan berkeluarga. Manafaat pembangunan mestilah boleh dikecapi secara sama rata sama ada Islam dan bukan Islam, tanpa ada sikap pilih kasih, kronisme, atau sentimen keturunan, bangsa, darjat atau kelas. Penjurusan faedah-faedah ekonomi mestilah ditumpukan ke arah kelompok-kelompok masyarakat yang memerlukan berbanding dengan yang tidak.Ãâà Ãâà YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi] menjelaskan: Adalah perlu diteliti semula pelbagai pendekatan dan kaedah untuk diperkemaskan supaya lebih seimbang dan menyeluruh, merangkumi pembangunan prasarana dan pembangunan ekonomi, diperkukuhkan dengan pembangunan manusia melalui program pendidikan yang komprehensif, diperlengkap pula dengan program pembangunan rohani untuk menyemaikan nilai-nilai murni dan menerapkan nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan. (Ucapan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur). Pembangunan berlestari, berhati-hati, mengelakkan pembaziran, kemewahan yang negatif dan perkara-perkara yang tidak berfaedah merupakan tuntutan Islam. Pembangunan haruslah terancang dan mengambil kira kemampuan kewangan negara. Pembangunan yang cenderung untuk mengisi kecenderungan hawa nafsu bukanlah pembangunan yang dituntut oleh Islam.Ãâà Ãâà Pembangunan juga bukanlah alat untuk menonjolkan keangkuhan. Semuanya adalah kurnia Allah jua dengan kehendak dan iradahNya. Dalam konteks ini, konsep syukur merupakan salah satu ciri pembangunan berakhlak. Syukur dikira sebagai tanda terima kasih di atas anugerah Allah s.w.t. dan redha dengan sebarang ketentuanNya. Berterima kasih kepada manusia pula tidak seharusnya melebihiberterima kasih kepada Allah kerana anugerah nikmat itu hanyalah hak Allah. Berterima kasih kepada Allah bukan sahaja dilipatgandakan oleh Allah nikmat-nikmatnya di dunia ini bahkan di akhirat kelak. Kufur nikmat atau tidak melakukan cara bersyukur yang betul apabila menerima sesuatu nikmat atau imbuhan akan mendapat balasan buruk dan azab Allah s.w.t.. Firman Allah s.w.t.: Bermaksud: Demi sesungguhnya sekiranya kamu bersyukur, nescaya Aku akan tambahkan nikmatKu kepada kamu dan sekiranya kamu kufur, sesungguhnya azabKu amatlah keras. Menyentuh soal pembangunan berakhlak, kita tidak akan dapat lari daripada soal disiplin dan semangat ketekunan juga. Mana-mana pembangunan pun tidak akan dapat tercapai tanpa menyentuh soal ketekunan dan disiplin diri. Pembinaan ketamadunan manusia menyentuh soal ketekunan dan berkerja kuat.Ãâà Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. bersabda: Sesungguhnya Allah s.w.t. menyukai apabila seseorang kamu bekerja dia melakukannya dengan tekun. [Riwayat Abu Daud) Masyarakat yang membangun ialah masyarakat yang bekerja kuat dan ini meningkatkan produktiviti serta memberi kesan yang positif. Justeru itu, pembangunan sambil lewa, lemah perancangan dan tindakan, malas dan curi tulang bukanlah pembangunan dalam ruang lingkup akhlak Islam. Menurut pandangan Islam, harta adalah satu keperluan dan bukannya matlamat. Harta dikira sebagai rezeki daripada Allah maka ia hendaklah dibersihkan dengan mengeluarkan zakat. Ia juga dianggap sebagai satu amanah, maka ia hendaklah diperolehi dan dibelanjakan mengikut tuntutan Islam. Kualiti pembangunan menurut Islam adalah gabungan daripada pembangunan bersepadu, seimbang dan berakhlak. Inilah merupakan perbezaan ketara pembangunan perspektif Islam dan pembangunan Barat. Pembangunan berihsan juga di perlukan dalam konteks pembangunan negara. Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pembangunan berihsan ialah pembangunan yang dianggap segala tindakan dan perlaksanaan di dalamnya sentiasa di bawah pemantauan Allah s.w.t.. Oleh kerana pembangunan yang menjurus kepada mendapatkan keredhaan Allah s.w.t. dianggap sebagai ibadah, maka pembangunan berihsan menepati konsep ihsan yang menjelaskan bahawa kamu menyembah Allah seolah-olah kamu melihatNya, sekiranya kamu tidak melihatNya, maka sesungguhnya Allah melihat kamu. Di dalam hadith yang lain berkenaan ihsan, Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. bersabda: Allah telah mewajibkan ihsan pada setiap sesuatu Allah mewajibkan kita berbuat kebaikan dalam setiap pekerjaan yang kita lakukan. Dalam konteks pembangunan, konsep ihsan harus diaplikasikan dalam setiap perancangan dan perlaksanaannya yang mengambil kira keperluan dan mereka yang memerlukan, ihsan terhadap sesama manusia, ihsan terhadap makhluk dan alam sekitar. Etika Dalam Pembangunan Di dalam Islam, pembangunan tidak akan mempunyai sebarang erti seandainya pembangunan yang dimaksudkan hanyalah berunsurkan material semata-mata. Bahkan pembangunan yang berunsurkan material merupakan asas utama dalam falsafah pembinaan pembangunan dan tamadun Barat.Ãâà Ãâà Di sini dibawa satu kisah daripada al-Quran berkenaan kaum Ad yang menikmati pembangunan yang cukup pesat dan maju pada zaman mereka. Mereka dikurniakan bangunan rumah-rumah di tanah mendatar yang dipahat dari gunung, tanah yang cukup subur, ternakan yang membiak dengan senang dan taman-taman yang indah-indah. Maknanya mereka dianugerahkan Allah kemakmuran dan kesenangan hidup yang tiada taranya pada zaman itu. Namun demikian, mereka tidak menyembah Allah s.w.t.. Yang disembah ialah patung dan berhala. Nabi Hud a.s. diutus untuk berdakwah kepada mereka dengan ajakan agar beriman kepada Allah s.w.t. yang mencipta mereka dan menganugerahkan kemakmuran itu kepada mereka. Allahlah sahaja yang layak disembah dan disyukuri. Dalam dakwahnya juga, Nabi Hud telah menjelaskan betapa mereka telah meletakkan diri mereka ke lembah kehinaan dengan menyembah patung berhala yang tidak dapat memberi apa-apa faedah dan keburukan kepada mereka bahkan mereka telah meletakkan diri mereka sebagai makhluk mulia di sisi Allah s.w.t. serendah-rendahnya. Mesej yang ingin disampaikan di sini ialah betapa pembangunan itu adalah anugerah Allah s.w.t. jua dan ia mestilah disyukuri dan pembangunan itu apabila diteliti betul-betul adalah dengan izin Allah jua. Justeru itu ia juga adalah merupakan tanda-tanda kebesaran dan keagungan Allah s.w.t. bagi orang-orang yang berfikir dan meningkatkan keimanan kepada Allah s.w.t.. Kemuliaan penciptaan manusia mestilah dibuktikan dengan keimanan kepada Allah sebenar-benarnya dengan cara menjunjung titah perintahnya dan menjauhi larangan-larangannya. Walau setinggi mana kesenangan dan pembangunan yang dikecapi ia tidak akan merubah keimanan kepada Allah s.w.t. bahkan menguatkan pula keimanan itu. Allah s.w.t. tidak terus sama sekali menghukum mereka, akan tetapi Allah mengutuskan Nabi untuk memberi peringatan dan petunjuk kepada jalan yang diredhai oleh Allah s.w.t.. Kaum Ad telah memperolok-olokkan seruan nabi Hud bahawa jika diikuti seruan Nabi Hud itu, mereka akan mengecapi kehidupan yang lebih baik dan mereka tidak mempercayai bahawa segala amalan ini di atas dunia ini akan dibalas di Hari Kebangkitan. Allah kemudiannya menarik balik nikmat dan kesenangan yang dianugerahkannya dengan menjadikan kemarau yang menyebabkan tanah-tanah pertanian mereka kering kontang. Namun ini tidak mengesankan mereka kembali kepada Allah s.w.t..Ãâà Kemudiannya Allah s.w.t. menurunkan angin dingin yang sangat kencang selama 7 malam dan 8 hari secara berterusan, maka berakhirlah riwayat kaum Ad yang sombong itu. Perubahan Minda dan Sikap Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Kesemua program-program pembangunan kerajaan adalah lambang kepada perlaksanaan Islam Hadhari. Kita percaya, melalui perlaksanaan Islam Hadhari, kita akan dapat membangunkan ekonomi orang Islam dengan lebih baik di samping mengubah sikap dan budaya kerja orang-orang Islam. Kita juga percaya bahawa pembangunan ekonomi berasaskan ilmu pengetahuan dan penggunaan sains dan teknologi serta lain-lain lagi dapat membantu usaha kita bagi membasmi kemiskinan dan meningkatkan taraf hidup umat Islam. Kerajaan memberikan penumpuan yang menyeluruh untuk memajukan rakyat Malaysia. YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi telah menjelaskan: Dalam menghadapi cabaran global ini, langkah-langkah pengukuhan kerajaan dalam melaksanakan dasar untuk meningkatkan daya saing bumiputera perlulah dihalakan kepada sektor perkhidmatan dan sektor-sektor yang mempunyai nilai ditambah (value add) yang tinggi di samping mengenal pasti sumber pertumbuhan baru ekonomi. Kaedah pengeluaran berteknologi tinggi perlu diterokai, bukan sahaja di bidang perkhidmatan dan pembuatan tetapi dalam bidang pertanian dan bidang-bidang ekonomi prima. (Ucapan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur). Kita juga memberikan perhatian yang serius kepada golongan kurang upaya dan warga emas dengan menjaga kebajikan dan perkhidmatan terhadap mereka. Islam Hadhari yang disemai dan dibangunkan oleh kerajaan akan menjadi pemangkin kepada suatu kesedaran baru dan anjakan paradigma dalam pemikiran umat Islam agar berusaha kuat dalam semua perkara sama ada dalam ekonomi, pekerjaan, pendidikan dan sebagainya. YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi berkata: Kekayaan dunia perlu diagihkan secara seimbang perdagangan dunia perlu berbentuk lebih saksama. Kekayaan perlu digunakan untuk membantu membangunkan ummah dunia dari segi perkhidmatan pendidikan, kesihatan dan kebajikan. Kita mahukan sebuah dunia yang memberi keadilan kepada yang lemah, yang lemah diberikan peluang, yang lemah merasakan ada harapan meningkatkan taraf sosial dan taraf ekonomi mereka. Kita akan berusaha ke arah yang dapat merapatkan jurang antara negara mundur dengan negara maju. (Ucapan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur). Saidina Umar r.a pernah berkata: Hampir-hampir kefakiran itu membawa kepada kekufuran. Kita tidak patut hanya berserah dan pasrah kepada takdir tentang keadaan ekonomi dan status pendapatan kita. Kita perlukan perubahan diri, pengorbanan, penghijrahan dan perubahan sikap untuk berpindah kepada suatu keadaan yang lebih baik dalam mempertingkatkan status ekonomi dan kadar purata pendapatan umat Islam. Firman Allah s.w.t : yang bermaksud: (Balasan) yang demikian itu, ialah kerana sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan mengubah sesuatu nikmat yang telah dikurniakanNya kepada sesuatu kaum sehingga mereka mengubah apa yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri. Dan (ingatlah) sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mendengar lagi Maha Mengetahui. (Surah al-Anfal: Ayat 53) Sekiranya umat Islam ingin maju kehadapan dan meningkatkan taraf ekonomi, maka kita perlu mengubah sikap dan cara kita bekerja. Kita perlu mengubah persepsi kita tentang kehidupan dan kekayaan dan menilai semula cara kita bekerja agar kita dapat bersaing dengan bangsa-bangsa lain. Firman Allah s.w.t.: Yang bermaksud: Sesiapa yang beramal soleh, dari lelaki atau perempuan, sedang ia beriman, maka sesungguhnya Kami akan menghidupkan dia dengan kehidupan yang baik; dan sesungguhnya kami akan membalas mereka dengan memberikan pahala yang lebih dari apa yang mereka telah kerjakan. (Surah Al-Nahl: ayat 97) Pencapaian Bumiputera Dalam Ekonomi Semasa DEB dilancarkan dalam tahun 1970, pegangan ekuiti bumiputera berada pada tahap 2.4 peratus, berjaya meningkat kepada 19.3 peratus pada tahun 1990. Nilai pegangan ekuiti bumiputera meningkat secara ketara daripada RM477 juta pada tahun 1970 kepada RM20.9 bilion pada tahun 1990 dan berada pada tahap RM73.2 bilion pada 2002. Peningkatan pegangan ekuiti bumiputera adalah hasil dari pelbagai usaha kerajaan dengan menubuhkan syarikat-syarikat pelaburan dan saham amanah seperti Permodalan Nasional, Lembaga Urusan Tabung Haji dan sebagainya. Namun jangka masa dua puluh tahun masih tidak mencukupi untuk menghasilkan sasaran 30 peratus pegangan ekuiti bumiputera. Di sebaliknya, timbul kebimbangan apabila pegangan ekuiti bumiputera menguncup ke paras 18.7 peratus pada tahun 2002, penurunan 0.6 peratus. [Ucapan Presiden UMNO, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi di Perhimpunan Agung UMNO yang ke-55 di Pusat Dagangan Dunia Putra (PWTC)] DEB dan Dasar Pembangunan Negara Sebagai Salah Satu Agenda Pembangunan Ummah DEB, disusuli dengan Dasar Pembangunan Negara telah berjaya menghasilkan golongan profesional, saintis dan teknologis di kalangan bumiputera. Jumlah profesional bumiputera berada di tahap 21 peratus pada tahun 1990 telah meningkat ke paras 30 peratus pada akhir tahun 2002. Sejak DEB diperkenalkan kadar kemiskinan keseluruhan di Malaysia dapat dikurangkan dari 52 peratus pada tahun 1970 kepada lima peratus pada tahun 2002. Kadar kemiskinan penduduk luar bandar telah menurun dari 59 peratus pada tahun 1970 kepada 11 peratus pada tahun 2002. Pendapatan purata isi rumah Malaysia meningkat dari RM660 sebulan pada tahun 1970 ke RM2,966 pada tahun 2002. [Ucapan Presiden UMNO, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi di Perhimpunan Agung UMNO yang ke-55 di Pusat Dagangan Dunia Putra (PWTC)] YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi telah menjelaskan: Walaupun dasar-dasar yang diperkenalkan telah mempertingkatkan status ekonomi bumiputera, kejayaan sepenuhnya masih belum tercapai. Pencapaian secara keseluruhan masih di peringkat mutlak dan bukan dari segi relatif. Kita masih melihat bahawa pendapatan isi rumah bumiputera berada di bawah pendapatan isi rumah kaum Cina. Golongan profesional bumiputera telah bertambah, tetapi jumlah profesional bukan bumiputera masih berada di hadapan. Dalam keghairahan hasrat melaksanakan dasar untuk membantu bumiputera, didapati kita kurang memberi perhatian kepada aspek kualiti. Pelaksanaannya lebih mengutamakan jumlah tetapi kurang menitikberatkan faktor membina keupayaan dan nilai ditambah. Bumiputera lalu digambarkan sebagai kurang berdaya saing kurang daya ketahanan. Pelbagai pihak telah menyeru supaya dilakukan satu anjakan sikap, satu revolusi mental bagi bumiputera. Bumiputera diseru supaya lebih berdikari, lebih mementingkan ilmu pengetahuan, lebih gigih berusaha, lebih kuat bekerja. (Uca pan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur). Cabaran terbesar dalam soal pembangunan ekonomi yang komprehensif di era globalisasi sekarang ini ialah keupayaan berdaya saing dan kegiatan ekonomi yang berasaskan pengetahuan. YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi menjelaskan: Globalisasi dan liberalisasi menimbulkan cabaran kepada negara dan menimbulkan cabaran lebih besar kepada bumiputera. Kini kuasa pasaran berperanan lebih penting dan menjadi penentu. Mereka yang gagal bersaing akan kecundang. Tidak ada payung yang dapat memberikan perlindungan melainkan daya saing yang sedia terbina dalam urus niaga sesuatu kumpulan. Ekonomi global telah bergerak dari ekonomi berbentuk pengeluaran kepada ekonomi berpaksikan pengetahuan. (Ucapan Dasar Presiden UMNO dlm Perhimpunan Agung UMNO 2004 di Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur). Empat faktor yang menjadi asas kepada penggubalan dasar dan strategi pembangunan negara 1.Ãâà kedudukan ekonomi yang terbuka 2.Ãâà sistem ekonomi campuran 3.Ãâà masyarakat berbilang kaum 4.Ãâà dan Kerajaan Persekutuan. Peranan Agensi-agensi Kerajaan Dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Malaysia 1. Unit Perancang Ekonomi (EPU) 2. Kementerian Pembangunan Luar Bandar 3. Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan dan Koperasi 4. Kementerian Pembangunan Koperasi 5. Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani 6. Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita, Keluarga dan Masyarakat 7. Majlis Tindakan Ekonomi NegaraÃâà (MTEN). Kerajaan Dan Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB): Ke arah Pembangunan Ekonomi Seimbang dan Komprehensif DEB telah dilancarkan pada tahun 1970. Pegangan ekuiti bumiputera telah meningkat kepada 19.3 peratus pada tahun 1990. Nilai pegangan ekuiti bumiputera berada pada tahap RM73.2 bilion pada 2002. Usaha kerajaan untu meninggikan status ekonomi dan taraf hidup bumiputera adalah selaras dengan program Islam Hadhari. Jangkamasa yang pendek tidaklah mencukupi untuk melihat hasilnya. YAB Dato Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi berhujah: Namun jangka masa dua puluh tahun masih tidak mencukupi untuk menghasilkan sasaran 30 peratus pegangan ekuiti bumiputera. Di sebaliknya, timbul kebimbangan apabila pegangan ekuiti bumiputera menguncup ke paras 18.7 peratus pada tahun 2002, penurunan 0.6 peratus. DEB, disusuli dengan Dasar Pembangunan Negara telah berjaya menghasilkan golongan profesional, saintis dan teknologis di kalangan bumiputera. Jumlah profesional bumiputera berada di tahap 21 peratus pada tahun 1990 telah meningkat ke paras 30 peratus pada akhir tahun 2002. Sejak DEB diperkenalkan kadar kemiskinan keseluruhan di Malaysia dapat dikurangkan dari 52 peratus pada tahun 1970 kepada lima peratus pada tahun 2002. Kadar kemiskinan penduduk luar bandar telah menurun dari 59 peratus pada tahun 1970 kepada 11 peratus pada tahun 2002. Pendapatan purata isi rumah Malaysia meningkat dari RM660 sebulan pada tahun 1970 ke RM2,966 pada tahun 2002.Ãâà Kerajaan telah menyarankan satu bentuk pendekatan baru dan peralihan untuk memajukan ekonomi bumiputera melalui perubahan radikal dan lebih produktif dalam penghasilan hasil pertanian. Kerajaan Persekutuan sedang melibatkan diri secara langsung dalam usaha untuk mempertingkatkan taraf dan status zakat sebagai satu institusi Islam yang berkesan di Malaysia. Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB) misalnya, diwujudkan dengan tujuan untuk memainkan peranan meningkatkan tahap sosioekonomi rakyat sebagai mendukung usaha kerajaan untuk membasmi kemiskinan tegar di bandar dan luar bandar. Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) yang ditubuhkan sejak tahun 1987 dan sehingga kini telah mempunyai 61 cawangan di seluruh negara ada menyediakan program skim pinjaman mikro kredit kepada golongan termiskin bagi menjalankan sebarang kegiatan yang meningkatkan pendapatan. Institusi Ekonomi dan Kewangan Islam: Satu Contoh Kejayaan Malaysia menjadi rujukan dalam berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan sistem ekonomi dan kewangan Islam. Pengiktirafan ini adalah satu kejayaan kerajaan dan rakyat untuk mempromosi program Islam Hadhari kepada dunia luar. Perbankan Islam dan Bank Islam Kerajaan telah memikirkan tentang sistem perbankan dan kewangan berasaskan Syariah sejak awal 70an. Langkah pertama untuk melaksanakan sistem tersebut bermula dengan pembentukan Jawatankuasa Pepandu Kebangsaan pada 30hb. Julai 1980. Jawatankuasa itu telah mencadangkan penubuhan sebuah bank Islam. Akta Bank Islam telah diwartakan pada tahun 1983 dan dikorporatkan pada tahun itu juga. Bank Islam pertama di Malaysia dinamakan Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB). Aset keseluruhan industri perbankan Islam di Malaysia mencecah angka RM20.5 billion dalam tahun 2003. Aset sektor perbankan Islam Malaysia berjumlah RM89.1 billion (10% daripada keseluruhan aset sektor perbankan Malaysia). Kerajaan berhasrat mempertingkatkannya kepada 20% menjelang tahun 2010 demi untuk kemajuan dan pembangunan ummah, agama dan juga negara. YAB Perdana Menteri Malaysia telah menyatakan harapannya untuk melihat Malaysia sebagai peneraju dalam menggerakkan sektor perdagangan dan perkhidmatan dalam dunia Islam. Sebanyak 800 billion dolar Amerika beredar dalam pasaran perdagangan negara-negara Islam (OIC). Manakala terdapat dana sebanyak 250 billion dolar Amerika dalam bentuk aset di seluruh negara Islam. Sebanyak 400 billion dolar Amerika telah dilaburkan dalam bentuk pelaburan kewangan dan ekuiti Islam. Operasi perbankan Islam terdapat di 100 buah negara dengan jumlah aset sebanyak US300 billion. Malaysia berpotensi menjadi Pusat Perkhidmatan Kewangan Islam dan Pusat Produk Halal dengan kekuatan dan kepakaran yang ada pada kita ditambah pula dengan kestabilan politik, ekonomi dan kemakmuran serta keamanan negara. 70% pelanggan Perbankan Islam di Singapura adalah orang Cina. Sebabnya adalah kerana dividen yang diberikan yang bersesuaian dengan perkongsian keuntungan adalah lebih tinggi berbanding sistem konvensional yang menawarkan kadar bunga yang lebih rendah. Al-Rahn (Sistem Pajak Gadai Islam) Konsep al-Rahn ialah mencagarkan dan menahan harta bagi sesuatu hak yang boleh dituntut pemulangannya daripada harta itu. Sesuatu barangan berharga dicagarkan dan terikat dengan hutang. Barangan berharga tersebut boleh digunakan untuk menyelesaikan hutang. Konsep al-Rahn telah dijelaskan dalam al-Quran, surah al-Baqarah ayat 283: Yang bermaksud: Dan jika kamu berada dalam musafir (lalu kamu berhutang atau memberi hutang yang bertempoh), sedang kamu tidak mendapati jurutulis, maka hendaklah diadakan barang gadaian untuk dipegang (oleh orang yang memberi hutang). Kemudian kalau yang memberi hutang percaya kepada yang berhutang (dengan tidak payah bersurat, saksi dan barang gadaian), maka hendaklah orang (yang berhutang) yang dipercayai itu menyempurnakan bayaran hutang yang diamanahkan kepadanya, dan hendaklah ia bertaqwa kepada Allah Tuhannya. Dan janganlah kamu (wahai orang-orang yang menjadi saksi) menyembunyikan perkara yang dipersaksikan itu. dan sesiapa yang menyembunyikannya, maka sesungguhnya ia adalah orang yang berdosa hatinya. Dan (ingatlah), Allah sentiasa Mengetahui akan apa yang kamu kerjakan. Konsep al-Rahn amat signifikan bagi orang yang memerlukan wang tunai dengan segera, asal sahaja ia mempunyai barangan berharga untuk dicagarkan. Sistem al-Rahn telah mula dilaksanakan di negeri Terengganu pada 21hb. Ogos 1993 dan diikuti di Kelantan. Rangkaian urusan kewangan Islam menjadi lebih meluas di negara kita dengan kewujudan sistem al-Rahn. Falsafah dan konsep Sistem AL-Rahn lebih menekankan aspek kebajikan rakyat dan penghuluran pertolongan berbanding dengan menjana keuntungan bagi pihak yang membantu. Lembaga Urusan dan Tabung Haji (LUTH) Kerajaan telah menubuhkan LUTH pada tahun 1967 untuk memudahkan umat Islam menabung secara beransur-ansur bagi menunaikan haji atau memenuhi lain-lain keperluan. Model LUTH telah menjadi contoh kepada beberapa negara lain kerana LUTH telah memainkan peranan yang berkesan dalam menyediakan beberapa kemudahan untuk para pencarum yang terdiri daripada bakal jemaah haji. Kerajaan sentiasa mengkaji cara-cara untuk meningkatkan keuntungan daripada wang simpanan LUTH oleh para pencarum di samping para pelanggan mendapat pulangan semaksima mungkin. Institusi Zakat Zakat ialah salah satu rukun Islam. Ia menjadi ibadah dan antara rukun Islam terpenting. Kepentingannya dapat dilihat pada manafaat berzakat sama ada kepada yang berzakat ataupun yang menerima zakat seperti yang telah ditegaskan oleh Allah s.w.t. dan junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad s.a.w., antaranya ialah: 1. Amalan berzakat menandakan sifat bersyukur di atas segala nikmat yang Allah anugerahkan kepada manusia di alam ini. 2. Amalan berzakat dapat membersihkan hati dan jiwa daripada sifat mazmumah (terkeji) seperti tamak, haloba, kedekut dan bakhil. Apa yang terpenting ialah ia dapat menghakis sifat terlalu kasihkan dunia dan membenci kematian kerana tidak cukup amal ibadah untuk bekalan bertemu Allah s.w.t.. 3. Amalan berzakat dapat melindungi, menyelamat dan membersihkan harta mengikut syarak. 4. Amalan berzakat membersih, menyubur dan memperkembangkan segala harta pemberi zakat. 5. Amalan berzakat merupakan amalan soleh dan sebahagian daripada kewajipan dan tuntutan dalam Islam. Mengeluarkan zakat merupakan titah perintah Allah manakala meninggalkannya membawa kepada maksiat terhadap Allah s.w.t.. 6. Mengurangkan kesempitan dan bebanan hidup mereka yang fakir dan miskin dan yang memerlukan dan merapatkan jurang pemisah antara dua kategori kumpulan masyarakat, yang berada dan yang fakir lagi miskin. 7. Sumber zakat sebagai salah satu daripada sumber kewangan untuk kemajuan dan pembangunan serta penstrukturan masyarakat Islam. Di Malaysia, institusi zakat telah digerakkan oleh kerajaan untuk menjana kedudukan ekonomi masyarakat Islam, memantapkan pembangunan sahsiah dan penyusunan masyarakat berdasarkan cara hidup Islam yang tidak terbelenggu dengan harta kekayaan sebagai matlamat hidup. Di samping itu, kerajaan telah berusaha untuk mengwujudkan sikap prihatin dan semangat menolong antara yang berada dengan yang miskin melalui sistem pengutipan zakat di kalangan mereka yang berkelayakan dan pengagihan wang zakat kepada yang berhak. Kerajaan telah memberikan insentif kepada para pembayar zakat dengan menolak jumlah pembayaran zakat yang telah dibuat (kepada pihak berkuasa zakat) daripada Potongan Cukai Berjadual (PCB) dalam pembayaran cukai pendapatan para pembayar zakat.Ãâà Harta kekayaan merupakan alat untuk menerapkan keadilan dan kemakmuran bermasyarakat dalam konsep tazkiyah (penyucian) yang meliputi aspek batiniah dan material pembayar zakat dan harta. Firman Allah s.w.t.: Ambilah (sebahagian) dari harta mereka menjadi sedekah (zakat), supaya dengannya engkau membersihkan mereka (dari dosa) dan mensucikan mereka (dari akhlak yang buruk); dan doakanlah untuk mereka, kerana sesungguhnya doamu itu menjadi ketenteraman bagi mereka. Dan (ingatlah) Allah Maha Mendengar, lagi Maha Mengetahui (Surah Al-Taubah: ayat 103). Zakat juga mempunyai matlamat menyelesaikan masalah kemiskinan di samping sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan negara Islam. Di Malaysia, zakat ditadbirkan secara sistematik. Penginstitusikan zakat akan mampu mengatasi masalah kemiskinan dan meningkatkan lagi syiar agama. Institusi zakat mampu memantap dan menstabilkan ekonomi negara. Penyaluran harta dalam institusi zakat (yang dibenarkan syarak) ke arah kegiatan ekonomi pelaburan, saham atau ekonomi secara aktif akan lebih memberikan manafaat kepada ummah. Maknanya harta-harta milik tidak tersimpan tanpa bergerak dan dimanfaatkan. Golongan penerima zakat pula harus sedar dan mencuba menggunakan wang zakat untuk maju ke hadapan dan seterusnya berusaha untuk berdikari. Dengan demikian, barulah keadilan sosial yang sebenar akan tertegak. Takaful (Insuran Islam) Takaful ialah persetujuan yang memastikan pengikatan diri seseorang penanggung untuk memberi ganti rugi atau sesuatu pembayaran kepada yang ditanggung kerana yang ditanggung itu kehilangan sesuatu, menderita sesuatu kerugian atau tidak mendapat keuntungan yang semuanya ditimbulkan oleh suatu kejadian yang tidak diduga. Ia tidak bersifat perdagangan keuntungan tetapi lebih kepada kebajikan masyarakat. Urus niaga insuran secara Islam dalam bentuk mudarabah merupakan satu perjanjian antar apemilik modal (pencarum atau pemegang polisi) dengan pengusaha (syarikat). Dari segi operasionalnya, pemilik modal akan menyerahkan modalnya kepada pengusaha untuk dilaburkan secara untung rugi bersama (lost-profit sharing), iaitu berkongsi untung-rugi dengan nisbah pembahagiannya dipersetujui bersama telebih dahulu. Urusniaga secara Islam dibuat dalam bentuk mudarabah berasaskan konsep takaful, kerjasama dan perlindungan. Syarikat takaful bertindak sebagai pengusaha mengendalikan pelaburan atau perniagaan kumpulan wang caruman tadi. Pada waktu tertentu, keuntungan syarikat akan dipulangkan sebahagiannya kepada setiap pemegang polisi insuran. Malaysia adalah dalam kelompok pasaran takaful Islam yang terbesar diÃâà kalangan negara-negara Islam. Malaysia juga menjadi pusat rujukan dan pembangunan takaful Islam di kalangan negara-negara Islam berdasarkan pengalaman pelaksanaan dan kepakaran yang ada di Malaysia. Setakat tahun 2004, syarikat-syarikat takaful di Malaysia ialah Syarikat Takaful Malaysia, Syarikat Takaful Nasional, Mayban Takaful dan Takaful Ikhlas. Dana-dana syarikat takaful di Malaysia juga menyumbang kepada kepesatan ekonomi di negara kita di mana pada tahun 2002 jumlahnya mencecah RM886 juta dan pada tahun 2003 jumlahnya ialah RM1.104 billion. Aset-aset syarikat takaful juga menyumbang kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara di mana pada tahun 2003 jumlahnya mencecah RM4.429 billion. Agen-agen takaful juga turut meningkat dengan jumlah seramai 11, 433 orang pada tahun 2003. Salah sebuah syarikat takaful Malaysia yang berjaya ialah Syarikat Takaful Nasional Berhad di mana aset keseluruhannya berjumlah sebanyak RM2.5 billion dan keuntungan sebelum sebelum cukai ialah sebanyak RM41 juta. Takaful Nasional adalah di antara 20 syarikat insurans teratas berbanding 50 syarikat takaful dan insurans konvensional di Malaysia. Orang-orang Islam perlulah mempunyai lebih kesedaran untuk mencari perlindungan dan berkongsi keuntungan dengan menyertai takaful. Sekuriti dan Bon Universal Islam PerniagaanÃâà pasaran modal (sekuriti dan saham) kebelakangan ini menjadi semakin popular. Sebuah syarikat yang sedang mengorak dalam industri kewangan Islam Malaysia ialah Commerce International Bankers Berhad (CIMB) yang memberi fokus kepada orientasi perniagaan seperti sekuriti Islam (dalam bentuk hutang), equiti awam dan pengurusan perbankan awam, aset dan tabungan. Bidang-bidang seperti saham sekuriti Islam masih baru di kalangan umat Islam. CIMB juga terlibat dalam pasaran kewangan dan pasaran permodalan kewangan Islam antarabangsa di Timur Tengah. Kerajaan menekankan kepentingan urus niaga pasaran modal yang bersih daripada sebarang unsur yang bertentangan dengan syariah Islam. Dalam perdagangan sekuriti, perjalanan urus niaga setiap syarikat dijalankan berdasarkan prinsip, undang-undang dan amalan Islam. Majlis Pengawasan Syariah dalam syarikat akan memantau dan memastikan tiada berlaku sebarang unsur yang bertentangan dengan syariah Islam dalam urus niaganya. Bank Negara telah mencadangkan pembentukan Bon Universal Islam untuk membolehkan negara-negara Islam mendapatkan tabungan yang lebih murah dan ini dapat mempertingkatkan kerjasama yang lebih utuh sesama negara-negara Islam. MALAYSIA SEBAGAI HALAL HUB (PUSAT PRODUK HALAL) Pasaran produk halal dalam dunia pada tahun 2004 sahaja berjumlah RM11.4 trilion. Makanan halal menjadi keperluan 1.8 billion penduduk Islam seluruh dunia. Malaysia telah mengwujudkan piawaiannya yang tersendiri dalam pengeluaran produk makanan dan minuman dengan Standard Halal Malaysia MS1500:2004. Tabung Amanah Saham Islam bermula pada 12 haribulan Januari 1993 dengan pelancaran Tabung Ittikal Arab Malaysian yang diuruskan oleh Arab Malaysian Unit Trust Bhd. Konsep skim ialah perkongsian keuntungan berdasarkan syarikat (al-mudarabah), pengambilan upah menurut syari ah. Ia dilaksanakan dalam Skim ASBI, ASDI dan Tabung Amanah Bakti. Pihak pengurusan mengenakan yuran pengurusan sebanyak 1.5 % kepada pelabur.Ãâà Skim Perbankan Tanpa Faedah (SPTF) Bank Negara Malaysia mempunyai kuasa memberikan kelulusan kepada mana-mana institusi kewangan untuk menjalankan Sistem Perbankan Tanpa Faedah (SPTF). Kerajaan juga telah melakukan usaha peningkatan diplomasi ekonomi dengan negara luar dan serantau. Skim Perbankan Tanpa Faedah dilancarkan pada bulan Mac 1993 dengan melibatkan hanya tiga buah Bank Perdagangan (Maybank, BBMB dan UMBC). SPTF ialah suatu aktiviti berekonomi yang berasaskan prinsip perniagaan dan pembiayaan Islam yang tidak mengenakan faedah. Ia merupakan sistem yang operasinya berlandaskan hukum Islam. Segala pengendalian halal dan tiada unsur-unsur kita serta mengikut syarat yang ditetapkan. Keseluruhan operasi SPTF diasaskan kepada prinsip dan ajaran Islam untuk mendapatkan keredhaan Allah s.w.t. Sumber pendapatan operasi berasaskan keuntungan perniagaan, bukannya bunga ke atas pinjaman. Pelanggan yang mendapat kemudahan pembiayaan dikenakan yuran perkhidmatan dan perkongsian keuntungan secara bersama yang telah dipersetujui bersama terlebih dahulu. Jumlah bayaran balik tidak akan berubah sebagaimana yang telah dipersetujui dan bukannya mengikut perubahan kadar faedah semasa seperti dalam sistem bank komersial. Objektif 1. Membuka ruang kepada bank-bank komersial untuk berkhidmat kepada pelanggan Muslim menurut prinsip-prinsip syari ah Islam. 2. Pendedahan kepada sector perbankan lain mengenai kelebihan dan keistimewaan sistem perbankan Islam. 3. Membersihkan diri daripad dosa riba dan unsure-unsur shubhah yang lain. 4. Memanfaatkan wang ringgit dengan cara yang diredhai oleh Allah s.w.t. Prinsipnya berdasarkan muamalah Islam dan menjalankan kegiatan yang diperkenankan oleh ajaran Islam. Baitul Mal Konsepnya telah wujud sejak tahun ke-2 Hijrah. Kutipan zakat dan harta rampasan perang telahpun diperoleh oleh Rasulullah s.a.w. Institusi secara fizikal dan sistematik belum lagi wujud kerana sumber-sumber yang diperoleh senang dikutip dan diagihkan. Yayasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Islam Ia menjadi badan ekonomi Islam yang pertama yang ditubuhkan di Malaysia. Ia ditubuhkan pada Oktober 1976 dan dirombak serta disusun semula serta dirasmikan oleh Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir (Perdana Menteri) pada 20 haribulan Julai 1984. Matlamat Penubuhan Meningkatkan kesedaran dan penggunaan al-sadaqah al-jariah bagi tujuan mengembling sumber-sumber (termasuk sumbangan) daripada masyarakat khususnya dalam bentuk keuntungan. Wang dilaburkan untuk mengabungkan aset dan hasilnya digunakan dalam aktiviti-aktiviti ekonomi untuk membangunkan umat sekaligus meninggikan syiar Islam di Negara ini. Objektif YPEIM Menangani persoalan secara realistic, bersepadu, strategic dan professional untuk meningkatkan taraf ekonomi, mengukuhkan tradisi berilmuan, memanatapkan kebajikan dan membangunkan institusi Islam bagi kepentingan ummah. Pelaburan YPEIM termasuk dalam bidang-bidang ekuiti, hartanah, portfolio saham, pembiayaan pelaburan dan pembiayaan bersindiket. Sumber modal Sumber modal diperoleh dari sedekah jariah, potongan gaji dan persetujuan sumbangan bertulis antara RM1 hingga RM10. juga dari Skim Resit Amal Jariah yang boleh didapati melalui Pejabat Pos, Bank Islam, LUTH dan sebagainya. Bantuan Antara penerima bantuan yang disalurkan termasuklah golongan miskin, melalui skim pinjaman Ikhtiar dan program pembangunan komuniti. Bantuan juga disalurkan ke dalam aspek keilmuan melalui seminar-seminar dan kursus-kursus, YPEIM juga menyalurkan bantuan untuk kebajikan ummah termasuk membina rumah untuk anak-anak yatim, bantuan peralatan perubatan, peruntukan untuk institusi pendidikan dan melalui Skim Pajak Gadai Islam (Pelaburan). Lembaga Urusan Tabung Haji (LUTH) Ditubuhkan di bawah Akta 8, LUTH 1967 dan Akta 168 LUTH (Pindaan 1973). Ia mempunyai tujuan-tujuan berikut: i. Membolehkan orang Islam menyimpan wang secara beransur-ansur bagi memenuhi keperluan rukun iman, menunaikan fardhu Haji dan perkara-perkara yang berfaedah. ii. Melalui wang simpanan, orang Islam boleh mengambil bahagian dengan lebih berkesan dalam pasaran modal, perusahaan, perdagangna, perladangan, hartanah dan bangunan secara halal. iii. Memberi perlindungan, pengawalan dan kebajikan orang Islam yang menunaikan haji dengan mengadakan pelbagai kemudahan dan perkhidmatan. Avtiviti-aktiviti i. Menguruskan simpanan wang pendeposit termasuk mengedarkan penyata tahunan dan mengira wang tahunan. ii. Mempertingkatkan perkhidmatan, kemudahan simpanan wang dan sasaran baru bagi mencari pendapatan iii. Pelaburan saham mengikut nasihat Majlis Penasihat Kewangan dan kelulusan Lembaga Pengarah Tabung Haji. iv. Mengawasi syarikat-syarikat yang dikongsi yang dikongsi Tabung Haji dan berkepentingan untuk mendapatkan pulangan yang maksimum daripada pelaburannya. PERBADANAN EKONOMI NEGARA Pembangunan ekonomi seimbang dan komprehensif : cabaran semasa dan perubahan persekitaran. Daya saing, daya tahan dan inovatif. Peningkatan produktiviti Kandungan pengetahuan dalam ekonomi. Pembangunan sumber manusia yang berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran. Tindakan pembasmian kemiskinan penyusunan semula masyarakat. Pertumbuhan ekonomi diagihkan secara saksama. development with a human touch. People centred development. Penerusan agenda Dasar Wawasan Negara. Peningkatan taraf dan kualiti hidup. Ekonomi Makro: Ekonomi mapan dengan inflasi rendah, harga stabil. Kadar pengangguran yang rendah. Lebihan akaun semasa imbangan pembayaran kukuh. Pengeluaran barangan. Perkhidmatan yang mempunyai nilai tambah. Sektor baru dalam sektor pembuatan dan perkhidmatan. Peningkatan kekeluargaan, daya pengeluaran dan inovasi. Pengurusan fizikal berhemat. Pembangunan sumber tenaga manusia. Agenda pembahagian : Penyertaan berkesan. Pemilikan ekuiti Bumiputera 30% 2010. Tumpuan sektor pembuatan dan perkhidmatan yang dinamik. 60% perolehan, kerja kontrak dan projek untuk Bumiputera. Pembasmian kemiskinan. Pembangunan wilayah antara bandar dan luar bandar. Pembangunan sektoral : mempercepatkan pertumbuhan dan meningkatkan eksport. Menarik pelaburan langsung asing. Industri berteknologi tinggi berasaskan pengetahuan. Pengeluaran tempatan bagi barangan modal. Mengurangkan penggunaan alat dan komponen input dalam pengeluaran. Persekitaran mesra perniagaan. Industri kecil dan sederhana (IKS). Kemajuan sektor kecil perkhidmatan. Peranan SKT dan ICT untuk menuju negara berteknologi tinggi dan berasaskan pengetahuan. (uncertainly in economy and policymaking) Rujukan Abdul Khair Mohd Jalaluddin 1991, The Role of Government in an Islamic Econom, Kuala Lumpur, A.s. Nordeen. Khurshid Ahmad (ed.) 1980. studies In Islamic Economics. United Kingdom: The Islamic Foundation. M Yusuf Al-Qardhawi 1988, Hukum Zakat. Salman Harun, Didin Hafidhuddin dan Hasanuddin, Singapura. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi 1989, Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam : Suatu Tinjauan Penulisan Semasa. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Sarthman Kastin Hasan 1993. ekonomi Islam : Dasar Dan Amalan. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. [1] Surah Al-Baqarah: 201. [2] Surah Al-Araf: 32. [3] Surah Al-Ankabut: 2-3. [4] Surah Al-Hadid: 20. [5] Surah Hud 15-16. [6] Surah al-Rad: 35. [7] Surah al-Hadid: 5. [8] Surah Ibrahim: 7. [9] Surah Hud: 50-60. [10] Surah Al-Haqqah: 6-8.Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâ alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-3981334940440104982020-05-16T20:47:00.001-07:002020-05-16T20:47:11.922-07:00The Battle Of The World War II - 1156 Words Word War II was a time that caused many people to feel a lot of tension, anxiety and concern. While some wanted power, control, and wanted the notion of superiority. Others were left feeling unsafe, scared, and were worried of what the future would bring them. The uncertainly lead many to feed off the fear and the tension among people rose. No one was to be trusted. During the time of World War II the most important thing to have was power. Countries did not care how they would achieve it they simply wanted it. The country of Japan was one of the many in seek of such control and power. That is when the Japanese decided to expand, and invade China. At the beginning the Chinese did not give in, they fought as much as they could to protect their land. This clearly angered the Japanese as they felt disrespected and did not like that they were being defied. They truly believe it was their right to expand. This was the main reason why they decided to increase their violence towards the Chinese once they arrived to Nanking (The Rape of Nanking). It is obvious that the Japanese felt as if they deserve to take over China. However, as time passed the Chinese fear the continuous violence against them and saw no other option than to give up. The people did not understand why this increase of violence was being directed at them. Unfortunately, this cause the Japanese to perceive the Chinese as weak. If you want to be in power, you cannot give up easily. Therefore, the surrender of theShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The World War II974 Words à |à 4 PagesSecond World War, the families would experience ââ¬Å"a constant dread of receiving a telegram announcing the injury, missing status or capture, or death of a husband, son or father. Why help to fight World War II when you know the pain that it endures on your family? In the middle of World War II in 1939, a photographer captured a commemorative picture of a soldier/father kissing his daughter goodbye before her dad leaves Britain. Not only does the photograph show the impacts that World War II had onRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1345 Words à |à 6 Pages World War II, intensified tensions between two of the strongest countries in the 1940s, the United States of America and Japan. On December 7,1941, Japanese planes and submarines attacked the American Naval base at pearl harbor, one of Americaââ¬â¢s largest bases and the largest base in the Pacific Ocean.The attack caused serious damage to the base, taking out Americaââ¬â¢s strongest battleships, killing thousands of people, and destroying hundreds of planes. America officially enters World War II. TheRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1047 Words à |à 5 PagesThe first time aircrafts are seen playing major roles in World War II Germany and Japan had begun to attack the nation. Germany and Japan began their initial attacks strong with air strikes, first attacking Holland, Denver, France, and England. When the British retaliated, they had cutting-edge fighters guided by radar. The Battle for Britain was one of the first battles fought solely in the air, keeping Germany from taking control of Britainââ¬â¢s airways. Japan also began its attack on the U.S viaRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II995 Words à |à 4 PagesAlyssa Humphrey Humphrey, 1 April 21, 2015 2nd On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France declared war on Hitler s Nazi Germany in retaliation. Humiliated and dissatisfied with their loss in World War I Germany wanted a powerful leader who could bring them to a strong victory. Invading the whole world meant there would be other countries stronger then they were. By this time, the Japanese had built a strong naval offense system known as the Combined Fleet commanded by IrorokuRead MoreThe Battle Of World War II1168 Words à |à 5 Pages The Battles of World War II Normandy Invasion, D-Day In December 1943, the head of staff of the Allies picked American General Dwight D. Eisenhower as incomparable administrator for the Allies in Europe. English General, Sir Frederick Morgan, added to various arrangements for the Allies, most uncommon was Operation Overlord, a full-scale intrusion of France over the English Channel. This was the codename for the most mysterious summon in the war. The initial plan was to cross the English ChannelRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II2128 Words à |à 9 PagesWorld War II, which lasted from 1939 to 1945, is considered the largest armed conflict in human history. This war was fought over six different continents, in every ocean, and ultimately resulted in fifty million military and civilian deaths; including the six million Jews who perished in the Holocaust. Within the course of the seven-year span of fighting in the war, two decisive battles changed the tide of the war in each theater: The D-Day landings and the Battle of Midway. The invasion of NormandyRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1315 Words à |à 6 PagesSam Carter L9 To What Extent was the Battle of Stalingrad a More Important Turning Point in World War II than the Battle of Britain? The Battle of Stalingrad was fought from the September 1942 through to early February 1943, and took place after the Germans had reached the fringes of Leningrad and Moscow in operation Barbarossa. Hitlerââ¬â¢s, and the German commander of the sixth army, General von Paulusââ¬â¢ main aim was to take and secure the oil fields of Caucasus in Russia. The oil from here wouldRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1414 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe global conflict known as World War 2 had been brutally raging on for over two years. American forces had managed to stay out of the war. However, when the Japanese bombed the naval base in Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, the Americans could no longer hold out. On December 7, 1941, the United States of America entered WWII (ââ¬Å"Origins of the Normandy Landingâ⬠). Before the Americans entered the war, Winston Churchill and the Allies (Britain, Canada, France) were losing the war. Everything was against themRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1249 Words à |à 5 Pageswere more than one hundred warships which included eight massive battleships. The US was suffering from the Great Depression, which made Americans think that they would stay out of World War II. As tensions grew between Japan and America, American sailors and airmen were training just in case the US were to join World War II. Americans had not realized that Japan and America were becoming enemies because the main enemy was Adolf Hitler; his goal was to conquer all the democracies of Europe. In 1940,Read MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1712 Words à |à 7 Pages The Battle of Midway was one of the most important naval battles of WWII. This three day offensive between June 4th and 7th of 1942 inflicted irreparable damage on the Japanese fleet. The Japanese sought to eliminate the America as a strategic power in the Pacific, thereby giving Japan a free lane to establish a greater dominance on the Pacific hemisphere. The plan was faulty from the start due to American code breakers who were able to decipher the date and location of the attack, forewarning alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-87421293139426915802020-05-06T18:23:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:23:05.150-07:00The Death Penalty Is The Right Step Toward Justice Essay Dead Wrong There are vast differences in the way people view the death penalty. Some oppose it and some agree with it. There have been many studies trying to agree or disagree with the death penalty. Some have noted the death penalty as a deterrent, and some have noted it as state sanctioned murder and not civilized. The death penalty has been attributed to societies for hundreds of years. More recently, as we become more civilized, the death penalty has been questioned if it is the right step towards justice. During this paper, I will review the pros and cons of the use of the death penalty as we, Americans, know it. The death penalty is a highly controversial subject. No one knows whoââ¬â¢s right or whoââ¬â¢s wrong-itââ¬â¢s fifty percent speculation and fifty percent research. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth-Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes (Code of Hammurabi). The death penalty was also part of the Fourteenth Century B.C. s Hittite Code; in the Seventh Century B.C. s Draconian Code of Athens, which made death the only punishment for all crimes; and in the Fifth Century B.C. s Roman Law of the Twelve Tablets. Death sentences were carried out by such means as crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement (History of The Death Penalty). The death penalty is the one of the highest conviction that a person that has committed a crime canShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished Essay1293 Words à |à 6 Pagessevere cases. The death penalty needs to focus on the dignity and the respect of human life; therefore, society needs to fix the existing problems within the legal system. Finally, this paper will explore the views of Kant to help find a solution as to the future of the death penalty. Although the government occasionally still makes mistakes, capital punishment is nevertheless needed (be it sparingly) within society. Some in-class groups discussed abolishing the death penalty entirely due to theRead MoreDeterrence Is The Primary Source When Defining Criminal Law1549 Words à |à 7 Pagesenhanced understanding of the individual cost of illegal behavior. One of the biggest consequences for the individual in the justice system in regards to deterrence is capital punishment, specifically the death penalty. The death penalty is faced with various controversial attitudes. In this paper, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the deterrence theory, the death penalty, as well as how it affects the Eighth amendment and Fifth Amendment. Deterrence Theory is often used as a goal to deterRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Within Criminal Offenders1361 Words à |à 6 Pages The criminal justice system ensures the safety and protection of society from criminal offenders. The process of the criminal justice system begins when a criminal offense is reported to law enforcement officials. If required, an investigation begins, leading to a warrant and arrest. Following the arrest, bail is set and a preliminary hearing is scheduled. If the defendant is indicted, a trial date is set. Providing the defendant does not waive the right to a jury trial, a jury is selected and theRead MoreJodi Arias Trial Essay1607 Words à |à 7 Pagesof Jodi Arias The criminal justice system ensures the safety and protection of society from criminal offenders. The process of the criminal justice system begins when a criminal offense is reported to law enforcement officials. If required, an investigation begins, leading to a warrant and arrest. Following the arrest, bail is set and a preliminary hearing is scheduled. If the defendant is indicted, a trial date is set. Providing the defendant does not waive the right to a jury trial, a jury is selectedRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Critical Evaluation1288 Words à |à 6 Pagesregarding the death punishment? Edward I. Koch has in his article ââ¬Å"Death and Justiceâ⬠clearly and efficiently expressed his support towards the death penalty and he has thoroughly looked at both the sides of the argument and shown his support accordingly. Edward I. Koch earned a law degree from New York University in 1948 and practiced law in New York City from 1949 to 1968 (handout). This made him a very cred ible to be able to critique about the term ââ¬Å"death penaltyâ⬠. ââ¬Å"Death and Justiceâ⬠was publishedRead MoreThe Illegalization Of Capital Punishment1441 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Death Penalty, also termed capital punishment, is the legal process in which a person is put to death by the federal or state government based on having committed one of 43 capital crimes, such as first-degree murder, espionage or treason. The death penalty is enforced based upon the idea that law abiding members of society will no longer have to worry about convicted criminals being able to carry out even more heinous crimes within their lifetimes. However enforcing the death penalty has alsoRead MoreAbolition of The Death Penalty Essay1051 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Abolishment of the Death Penalty As Americans we live in a modern republic under a government constructed to secure the rights of the people. Todayââ¬â¢s government and judicial systems were forged by our founding fathers as they fought to establish a government free from tyranny and brutality and thereby forming a constitution based on civil liberties. Our country has grown and matured through the centuries and in effect has made changes and alterations as innovations and advancements have deemedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1523 Words à |à 7 Pagescriminals has been performed by nearly every society to date. The death penalty came to the Americas when European settlers brought the idea of capitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someoneââ¬â¢s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implementedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of The United States Essay1631 Words à |à 7 PagesUpon completing a forum post in a Sociology class this semester I was given the task to watch a documentary discussion the death penalty in the United States. After watching several short films that include testimonies of the death row exonerate s, I learned of just how easily these innocent people were almost murdered by a system that you and I are funding. The victims go on not only to tell of their own suffering but also the horror that their families endured. Many of them had several executionRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not A Step Toward The Resolution Of The Criminal Problem1234 Words à |à 5 Pagesup in many ways. From the way people get arrested to the sentencing process, everything is messed up. Our justice system obviously does not support crime which is why people get arrested when they commit crimes but something that ha s always troubled me is: how come, it is not okay for a regular civilian to kill someone but it is okay for a judge to decide to put someone under the death penalty, which is basically killing them. As the author of the article: In Favor of Capital Punishment calls it, alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-80671597613189959192020-05-05T23:08:00.001-07:002020-05-05T23:08:21.318-07:00A Society Motivated By the Individual-Free-Samples for Students Question: Make a Comparison and Contrast between a Society motivated by the Individual Self-Interest. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to understand the process take place in the performance management in a business organization so that the activities take place in a company can be linked with the goals of the organizations. The word performance management is made up of two words that are performance and management (Giacalone, Robert A., and Paul Rosenfeld, 2013). That refers to the performance within a particular time frame take place or the efforts of the work done. It includes two things that are task efforts and quality. The report consist a compare and contrast between the personal self interests by using competitive performance. It helps to identify the effectiveness in the job of the employees and evaluate about the performance of the same. There is a leading culture that shows that job outcomes are come from the ethical perspective (Gond, Jean-Pascal, and Andrew Crane. 2010). The study will also put emphasis on the set of approaches that are used in the performance management and to conduct the performance appraisal interview. The performance management plays a vital role in an organization as it leads to effective and efficient an outcome that ranges wider. In this report, we come across to various types of approaches take place in performance management (Rich, Louis, Jeffrey Lepine, and Crawford, 2010). The meaning of performance management is to manage the performance and work of the workforce and setting an environment in which employees can perform at their best level (Liao, Martocchio, Joshi, 2010). It is a managerial process that comprises of planning of the performance, feedback, management of the performance by observation, rewards to the employees, and performance appraisal (Stahl, Gnter, Bjrkman, and Morris, 2012). The performance management is a disciplined and holistic approach that comprises of planning, monitoring, developing, rating and rewarding the employees performance within an organisation. The evaluation of the performance In the evaluation of the performance, there is a requirement to analyze the personal self interest of the employees (Dane, 2011). This is due to the fact that if the interest of the employees lies somewhere else, in such situations it becomes very difficult for the company to manage the employees performance and the productivity of the company go downwards (Walker, Richard, George, Boyne, and Gene 2010). In order to avoid such situations the company has to analyze the performance of the employees timely and provide them training so that improvement can bring. Compare and contrast between a cultures driven by personal self-interest throughcompetitive performance in the evaluation of job effectiveness Comparison between the two approaches that is personal self interest and ethical views It is said that the culture driven by personal self interest and ethical culture is different yet mach with each other as the aim of ethical culture is related to the ethics that is governed by an organization. They also include the employees who are working with the business organization (Glenn, Roath, Whipple, and Fawcett, 2010). The culture of an organization is directly related and dependant on the workforce working with them and the cultural background form which the employees belong. They are the one who contributes in the culture (Gond, Pascal, and Crane, 2010). Therefore, ethical culture is related to the culture driven according to the personal interest. Ethics are defined as the disciplines that are dealing with the good and bad factors, duties and obligations, moral and values of an organization (Golicic, Susan and Carlo Smith, 2013). These all factors are related to the employees who are working with the company. An organization that is personal self interest driven generally focus on the employees and their growth and development (Creswell, 2013). Contrast between the two approaches that is personal self interest and ethical views There is a big difference between the two approaches that is personal self interest and ethical views. The personal approach is simply an approach that concentrates on the growth and development of the individual working with the organization. While the other approaches that is ethical approach that focuses on the ethics, values, morals, etc. of the entire business organisation (Brown, Michelle, Hyatt, and Benson, 2010). The other different between the two approaches is that the ethical approach is an old and traditional type of approach that focus only on the accomplishment and achievements of the goals (Heslin, Peter and Walle, 2011). While the other approach that is personal self interest approach focus that whether the employee love his work or not, whether he is working with his full ability of capacity or not. In this way, there are many different perspectives carried by both of the approaches. A Christian or ethical view of performance management This view says that work hard and be honest. These are the most relevant things that are required in an organization. But the fact is that an organization cannot work with these to parameters as there are other elements that help in smooth running of an organization (Thurston, Paul, and McNall, 2010). This includes to the fact that these two elements do not provide a fair deal to manage all the issues and problems in a business organization. It has been noticed that most of the organization do not take care of the problems faced by the employees in the company. So, the companies have to focus on the problems faced by the employees so that they can love the work and find meaning in working with the company. The Christian theory says that the workers would connect to the work to make their performance good. The biggest reason behind this theory is that the work should not be tin and undeveloped (Dipboye, Robert, and Adrienne Colella, 2013). This theory is different from the personal se lf interest theory as in this theory the entire focus is on ethical view and moral of the organisation. According to this theory there are two core truths that is masters do not give up due to threatening. They are the masters who act same for all. There are angers that take care of the performances of the employees. They are the n in the business organization ho are responsible in bringing up the employee. The companies try to manage the performance of the workforce by providing them training so that they can learn and perform better. This not only improves the performance of the employees but also enhance the productivity of the company. The companies use various methods so to provide training to their employees like on the job training, off the job training, vestibule training, etc. the managers are the people who identify that which employees needs Approaches in performance management There are many approaches in the performance management that provides a better way of management of the organization. Traditional approach There is traditional approach that helps in the evaluation of the performance. The mangers of the company set various goals and objectives in the starting of the year, meet with the midyear so that they can check that in which direction the organization and its productivity is going on (Selden, Sally, and Jessica, Sowa, 2011). The grade helps to calculate the increase in the pay, increment and bonus and who to let g at the time of layoffs. The new approach to performance management The new approach to performance management helps in creating a real bond between the direct reports and the managers. It directs report and the managers will work together under this approach at the initial point so that they can st meaningful goals for the entire year. In this approach they try to achieve at least one goal every week so that at the end of the month they can analyze the changes take place due to the applicability of the approach (Palaiologos, Anastasios, Panagiotis, Papazekos, and Panayotopoulou, 2011). They ask the employees whether they are in need of anything. At the end of the year, the company and its managers try to review the entire data and collection to come of the conclusion. They will celebrate the accomplishments done by the employees. There are many companies who are using this modern approach of performance management as it helps in encouraging people to work collectively and to fulfill all the expectations and also to create and effective plan for the development and growth of the employees. Performance Appraisal Interviews First of all there is a need to understand the meaning of Performance Appraisal Interviews. For the successful business organization, most of the companies conduct an appraisal interview in which they talk to the internal staff of the company to let know about them (Fugate, Mel, Gregory, Prussia, and Kinicki, 2012). It is a long term interview which takes at least an hour for the reason to choose the right candidate in the company. Both the traditional and new approach follow the process of performance appraisal interviews as it is better option and a better approach to manage the performance of the employees. There are strength and weakness of each performance appraisal method at may suit on one organization and not suitable on the other one. In such situation the company has to analyze the best suitable method (Carney, Michael, Eric Gedajlovic, Pursey, Heugens, Essen, and Oosterhout, 2011). Many companies use a mixture of both the methods of performance management in an organisation. There are various types if sub methods of these both like traditional methods comprise of ranking method, paired method, grading method, forced distribution method, forced choice method, checklist method, critical incidents method, graphic cable method, essay method, field review method, confidential method, etc. (Corley, Kevin, and Dennis, Gioia, 2011) The modern methods comprises of management by objective, behaviorally anchored rating scales, assessment ventures, 360-degree appraisal, and cost accounting method. The both methods have their own importance and impact on the organization. the traditional method emphasis more on the rating of the personal individuals traits like creativity, potential, integrity, intelligence, leadership quality, etc. on the other hand, the modern method put more emphasis on achievements of the job position other than the personal traits. In this way, both the methods have their own pros and cons. Recommendations The aim of this study is to change the goals of the organization into the individuals goals. This can help the business organization to bring effectiveness and productivity. In order to imply all the changes, manager has to keep in mind that there must be proper communication take place between the employees and the manager. This can also related to the expectations of the manager because he is the one who provide feedback and appraisal about the employees to the management. They have to analyze the weakness and strength of them and assign the work accordingly that will help in achieving the competencies, skills, and talent of the employees on the job. The manager can enhance the performance by developing an internal communications system within the company. It is related to communication of each and every thing to the employees and workforce so that they feel connected, valued and important. The manager also have to ensure the performance appraisal system is in the place, is well understood and working effectively and efficiently in the business organization. The mangers should provide support to their employees so that they can perform well and seek improvement in the performance of the employees and workforce so that productivity can be achieved. The performance management system of the contemporary business must be prominent in nature. The company must establish a particular structure for the performance planning of the employees of the firm and develop the performance by providing timely appraisals and feedbacks to the employees. It take place by evaluation, auditing, constructing succession plans, discovery of the training ne eds, motivating staff a developing the individuals according to the needs of the organization. Conclusion As we know that the process of performance management is to identify and develop the performance of the human resource working in the business organisation. This procedure helps in evaluating the employees performance. As discussed before, the idea of this report is to drive a similarity and difference among the culture and society motivated by the individuals self-interest usingcompetitive performance in the assessment of work effectiveness and efficiency. It also comprises of the leading culture ofexcellence in the outcomes of the job from a Christian view point and a moral outlook. The study has also discussed and provided many justifications related to the set oftheories, principle and also for the final approach and theory to Performance Management, with emphasis on processes leadingto conducting Performance Appraisal Interviews.At last we can conclude that the performance management is a type of management that helps the business organization in analyzing and identifying the en tire caliber to perform the work. References Brown, Michelle, Douglas Hyatt, and John Benson, 2010. "Consequences of the performance appraisal experience."Personnel Review39, no. 3 (2010): 375-396. Carney, Michael, Eric R. Gedajlovic, Pursey PMAR Heugens, Marc Van Essen, and J. Hans Van Oosterhout, 2011. "Business group affiliation, performance, context, and strategy: A meta-analysis."Academy of Management Journal54, no. 3 (2011): 437-460. Corley, Kevin G., and Dennis A. Gioia, 2011. "Building theory about theory building: what constitutes a theoretical contribution?."Academy of management review36, no. 1 (2011): 12-32. Creswell, John W. 2013Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications, 2013. Dane, Erik, 2011. "Paying attention to mindfulness and its effects on task performance in the workplace."Journal of Management37, no. 4 (2011): 997-1018. Dipboye, Robert L., and Adrienne Colella, eds, 2013.Discrimination at work: The psychological and organizational bases. Psychology Press, 2013. Fugate, Mel, Gregory E. Prussia, and Angelo J. Kinicki, 2012. "Managing employee withdrawal during organizational change: The role of threat appraisal."Journal of Management38, no. 3 (2012): 890-914. Giacalone, Robert A., and Paul Rosenfeld, 2013.Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press, 2013. Golicic, Susan L., and Carlo D. Smith, 2013. "A meta?analysis of environmentally sustainable supply chain management practices and firm performance."Journal of supply chain management49, no. 2 (2013): 78-95. Gond, Jean-Pascal, and Andrew Crane, 2010. "Corporate social performance disoriented: Saving the lost paradigm?."Business Society49, no. 4 (2010): 677-703. Gond, Jean-Pascal, and Andrew Crane. 2010. "Corporate social performance disoriented: Saving the lost paradigm?."Business Society49, no. 4 (2010): 677-703. Heslin, Peter A., and Don VandeWalle, 2011. "Performance appraisal procedural justice: The role of a managers implicit person theory."Journal of Management37, no. 6 (2011): 1694-1718. Liao, H., Martocchio, J. J., Joshi, A. (Eds.)., 2010.Research in personnel and human resources management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Palaiologos, Anastasios, Panagiotis Papazekos, and Leda Panayotopoulou, 2011. "Organizational justice and employee satisfaction in performance appraisal."Journal of European Industrial Training35, no. 8 (2011): 826-840. Rich, Bruce Louis, Jeffrey A. Lepine, and Eean R. Crawford, 2010. "Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance."Academy of management journal53, no. 3 (2010): 617-635. Richey, R. Glenn, Anthony S. Roath, Judith M. Whipple, and Stanley E. Fawcett, 2010. "Exploring a governance theory of supply chain management: barriers and facilitators to integration."Journal of Business Logistics31, no. 1 (2010): 237-256. Selden, Sally, and Jessica E. Sowa, 2011. "Performance management and appraisal in human service organizations: Management and staff perspectives."Public Personnel Management40, no. 3 (2011): 251-264. Stahl, Gnter K., Ingmar Bjrkman, and Shad Morris, eds, 2012.Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012. Thurston Jr, Paul W., and Laurel McNall, 2010. "Justice perceptions of performance appraisal practices."Journal of Managerial Psychology25, no. 3 (2010): 201-228. Walker, Richard M., George A. Boyne, and Gene A, 2010. Brewer, eds.Public management and performance: Research directions. Cambridge University Press, 2010. alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-22619146735555787352020-04-18T13:53:00.001-07:002020-04-18T13:53:03.193-07:00Tyro free essay sample Tyro Essay Dreams can sometimes turn to nightmares. This is shown in the book ââ¬Å"Tyroâ⬠by David McRobbie and how some things donââ¬â¢t end up the way they were planned. It is about relationships and careers suddenly changing every second. The novel ââ¬Å"Tyroâ⬠is set at Dalrossen dockyards in the 1950s where the main character Andrew Kinnear starts his new apprenticeship. Andrew plans on being a Navy merchant but he must first complete five years at Dalrossen Dockyards which is bad because of the people. He soon discovers whoââ¬â¢s good and those who are mean. Andrew decides to be good by being with other new or bullied people to help them but the bulling and annoying from Jack Coultree will prevail. This is shown that sometimes dreams can turn to nightmares. Andrew was progressing well and making a lot of friends but Jack was not a friendly person to Andrew. We will write a custom essay sample on Tyro or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Andrew was finally initiated and was welcomed as a Tiger. If you are initiated you were considered a Tiger . Jack was pleased with this until Andrew said he did not want to be in other peopleââ¬â¢s initiations. Jack was not pleased about this and wanted Andrew to be re-initiated. So every day Andrew tried to avoid Jack. This is how some dreams can turn to nightmares. Oliver starts his new job at Dalrossen dockyards and is willing to stand up to Jack. Jack was surprised when this happened because everyone was scared of him but Oliver. When he started at Dalrossen Dockyards it looked like heââ¬â¢d been there for years because he knew everything. Oliver worked at his grandpaââ¬â¢s workshop so he knew all the equipment and tools off by heart. Then Oliverââ¬â¢s friendship with Andrew grew stronger and stronger. He was progressing well until Oliver was initiated and then he quit because they found out about his congenital problem. This is another form of dreams turning to nightmares. Dreams can sometimes turn to nightmares. This is shown when Charlotte was being spied on by Jack then she blamed him for the things that have gone wrong. So Charlotte dumped Andrew. Also with Andrew and Oliverââ¬â¢s relationship with each other comes to an end when Oliverââ¬â¢s quits because of his congenital problem. This is another example that dreams can sometimes turn to night mares. Jack was not a friendly person to Andrew and Jack was not a nice person to Jimmy Edgar. Andrew ends up being exactly like Jack. This is explained in the book that who you hang out with, you end up like. This is shown that dreams can sometimes turn to nightmares. By Daniel Scott alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-90474307970644024482020-03-14T12:13:00.001-07:002020-03-14T12:13:02.183-07:00Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Essays (818 words) - Free EssaysExperience Psychology, 3rd edition Essays (818 words) - Free Essays Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Chapter 6, Memory Vocabulary, Key Terms Amnesia: The loss of memory. Anterograde amnesia: A memory disorder that effects the retention of new information and events. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory: Theory stating that memory storage involves three separate systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Autobiographical memory: A special form of episodic memory, consisting of a person's recollections of his or her life experiences. Connectionism: Also called parallel distribution processing (PDP), the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons, several of which may work together to process a single memory. Decay theory: Theory stating that when an individual learns something new, a neurochemical memory trace forms, but over time this trace disintegrate; suggest that the passage of time always increases forgetting. Divided attention: Concentrating on more than one activity at the same time. Elaboration: The formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at a given level of memory encoding. Encoding: The first step in memory, the process by which information gets into memory storage. Episodic memory: The retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happeningthat is, how individuals remember life's episodes. Explicit memory (declarative memory): The conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts or events and, at least in humans, information that can be verbally communicated. Flashbulb memory: The memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events. Implicit memory (nondeclarative memory): Memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of that experience. Interference theory: The theory that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember. Levels of processing: A continuum of memory processing from shallow to intermediate to deep, with deeper processing producing better memory. Long-term memory: A relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information for a long time. Memory: The retention of information of experience over time as the result of three key processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Motivated forgetting: Forgetting that occurs when something is so painful or anxiety-laden that remembering it is intolerable. Priming: The activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster. Proactive interference: Situation in which material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material that was learned later. Procedural memory: Memory for skills. Prospective memory: Remembering information about doing something in the future; includes memory for intentions. Retrieval: The memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage. Retroactive interference: Situation in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier. Retrograde amnesia: Memory for a segment of the past but not for new events. Retrospective memory: Remembering information from the past. Schema: A preexisting mental concept or framework that helps people to organize and interpret information. Schemas from prior encounters with the environment influence the way individuals encode, make inferences about, and retrieve information. Script: A schema for an event, often containing information about physical features, people, and typical occurrences. Semantic memory: A person's knowledge about the world. Sensory memory: Memory system that involves holding information from the world in its original sensory form for only an instant, not much longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses. Serial position effect: The tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more readily than those in the middle. Short-term memory: Limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds unless strategies are used to retain it longer. Storage: The retention of information over time and how this information is represented in memory. Sustained attention: The ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time. Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon: A type of effortful retrieval associated with a person's feeling that he or she knows something (say a word or name) but cannot quite pull it out of memory. Working memory: A combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-80435221187719569262020-02-27T02:39:00.001-08:002020-02-27T02:39:02.092-08:00Personal development plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsPersonal development plan - Essay Example Part 1 This is what I call the Records part. It deals with my curriculum vitae including educational qualifications, experience, specific training etc and my likes and dislikes. I will round off the section with a SWOT analysis of my-self. Part 2 This is the Analysis part. I will reflect upon and analyze some of my experiences to ascertain the best strategy for me to further develop my personality. This Section is based mainly on a number of theories. Just for future reference I have listed the crux of few of these theories which I have used in my analysis. PART 1 - RECORD Curriculum Vitae Personal Details HAIDER KAMAL Address 7 / A, Fleetwood Street, Macintosh Towers, London Date of Birth 27 February 1983 Nationality British e-mail address hk@hotmail.com Mobile Number 0638 12345678 Marital Status Single Home telephone 44.171.5678900 Personal Profile Key Skills Working under pressure to meet short deadlines Adapting quickly and effectively to changing circumstances and objectives Working independently or as part of a project team Career Profile Employer Appointment Duration Role Mavis & Deacon HR Consultants Section Supervisor Jan 2004 - May 2005 Assist manager in survey of client company J&J Pharma Ltd Assistant to Deputy HR Manager Jun 2005 - Jan 2007 All aspects of day to day working Academic Achievements Course Institution Result Year MBA (HRM) Greenwich Management School Ongoing 2007 BS (HRM) " 1st Class 2004 A Level St. John's College 4 A's ; 4 B's 2001 O Level " 5 A's ; 3 B's 1999 Interests Field sports like football, hockey, and cricket. Reading history, especially ancient Greek history. Music, movies and swimming. Training Received I attended a number of work-shops during my tenure at J&J.... To excel in what one does and to be better at it than others is the cherished desire of all persons. However, the measure of success depends upon the effort one puts in to constantly develop and improve his / her skills and personality. Stephen R Covey in his book Seven Habits of Highly Effective People suggests that to start the process of self improvement one should write down how he or she would like to be remembered after their death and then work to achieve that ideal. Meyer ââ¬â Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) is a personality test designed to identify significant personal preferences. Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers developed the Indicator during World War II, and its criteria follow from Carl Jung's theories in his work Psychological Types. According to Myers-Briggs Theory, while types and traits are both inborn, traits can be improved akin to skills, whereas types, if supported by a healthy environment, naturally differentiate over time. The ind icator attempts to tell the order in which this occurs in each person, and it is that information that the complete descriptions are based on. The indicator is like an arrow which attempts to point in the direction of the proper description. To learn about one's inborn traits is to create the opportunity to improve how one applies them in different contexts. In that sense, the MBTI can yield much personal change and growth.The main sorts of MBTI are known as Dichotomies. alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-2697923975659368242020-02-10T19:24:00.001-08:002020-02-10T19:24:02.410-08:00A Challenging experience in life and what I learned from it EssayA Challenging experience in life and what I learned from it - Essay Example Everything felt like a white lie. I even thought mum would leave me some day like dad did, although I knew that would never happen. Mum and grandma stood by me and filled all that confidence in me that led me to explore my hidden talents, and I found a world class performer in me. All these years, I have been practicing dance for it is my passion. I am not only a wonderful dancer, but am also a nice vocalist and have entertained the audience in some musical theatres. I see a strong connection between what happened to me in the early childhood and my interest in singing. I have always been fond of sad songs. Having listened to them too much, I crammed up many of them and started to sing them. People say that my voice comes from the heart because I do justice to the gravity of words in altering the frequency of my voice along the way as I sing. The fundamental reason I am applying to this college is the fact that I want to build my career in performing arts. The familial tension that I have been in for many years in my childhood has indeed, changed me for the better. I think that having been in pain for so long, I understand what it feels like and so, I can never think of betraying anyone. In my class, I am known as the most loyal friend. I am loyal because I wanted to become unlike my father. So the quest for revenge has nicely transformed into a strength that I am greatly appreciated for. Today, I am a very strong person. Perhaps, I would not have been as strong had I not grown up in these alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-83701113594905733962020-01-31T00:03:00.001-08:002020-01-31T00:03:03.529-08:00The first submission Essay Example for Free The first submission Essay A1 ââ¬Å"I gave an introduction discussing what capital structure is and how it relates to debt vs. equity financing and what maximizes shareholder return and what the goal of the company is in choosing a capital structure approach. I then made my recommendation discussing all approaches for all years using a table with earnings per share in each year for each approach and totaling them up to make my recommendation. (This was discussed and told to us in the webinar as the method so I am just repeating what was said). I then made my recommendation referencing the table, explaining why it maximizes shareholder return *****always refer to actual numbers.â⬠A1aââ¬Å"I justified my recommendation by talking about how the other approaches were not maximizing shareholder return and why, referencing the outcomes and what was causing their earnings per share to be lower Talk about all of the other approaches and reference the actual numbers. I repeated my recommendation at the end to sum it up.â⬠A2 ââ¬Å"I gave an introduction describing capital budgeting, net present value, and internal rate of return, and referenced things from the Storyline that were applicable to this section in a paragraph describing the background of the scenario (what was going on with company). I then discussed NPV and IRR in individual sections where I referenced all of the numbers and told what they meant about whether or not the company should pursue the project. I gave brief explanation of how the numbers were calculated. At the end of each section for both IRR and NPV I made a recommendation about whether or not to pursue the project based on the NPV and IRR results in the spreadsheet.â⬠A3 ââ¬Å"I began by discussing the background from the storyline (why they needà working capital, how much they need) I then gave 3 ways the firm can obtain working capital. I then discussed 3 ways to properly manage working capital.I was told in the webinar to think about the accounts that make up working capital. I then discussed Lease vs. Buy. I started by giving the background from the storyline. It is supposed to be approached from the standpoint of which one BEST preserves working capital (on the task directions) I explained how they arrived at the numbers on the spreadsheet (A good resource to understand where all the numbers came from and how they were calculated is Buy or Lease? Commercial Property Decisions from recenter.tamu.edu website. I then told which one they should do based on which one better preserves working capital (from task directions). If you are confused just think about how WC is calculated.. I referenced numbers, years, etc all steps of the way.â⬠A4 ââ¬Å"I told what a merger is what earnings per share means and what the merger was saying about EPS and how it would affect shareholder returns. I told what an acquisition is what the NPV of the acquisition is and what that means. Always referencing the numbers. I then made a recommendation based on EPS in the merger before and after and NPV of the acquisition. This information comes from the webinar I am just repeating it.â⬠ââ¬Å"I hope my explanation of my method and tips from the webinar help, Timothy.â⬠Timothy Minyard, Student, July 2014. A1 and A2 ââ¬â Low and Moderate Sales and Calculations ââ¬Å"Hello, when completing the first two task prompts, is it necessary to analyze both the low and the moderate outcomes? For example, on the Capital Structure tab it gives you the moderate EBIT to use, are we expected to enter the low as well? Also, on the Capital Budgeting tab, do we discuss both scenarios of low and moderate planning?â⬠ââ¬Å"Task 3 A1, use only the moderate demand. A2, Capital Budget analyze both low and moderate demands.â⬠Dr. Cherry, CM, July 2014 A2 ââ¬â Internal Rate of Return as listed on Spreadsheet ââ¬Å"On the spreadsheet (Task 3 Capital Budgeting Tab) the Internal Rate ofà Return projections are listed for both low and moderate sales and then below is a IRR percentage. Yours could be different but my percentages are 8.7% and 10.1%. Are these percentages directly tied to the numbers above them or are they thresholds? If they are NOT thresholds, where do I find good suggestions for an appropriate threshold for IRR?â⬠ââ¬Å"10%. It is listed in the storyline.â⬠Dr. Cherry, CM, August 2014 A3 ââ¬Å"I am unable to find information or chapters on Lease vs. Buy. Any assistance would be appreciated.â⬠ââ¬Å"There is a SkillSoft titled Managerial Decisions and Capital Budgeting that has a section on Lease or Buy Decisions and Make or Buy Decisions. You can find it under the Financial Analysis Course Materials for The Best Structure and Use of Capital section.â⬠Adrian Thompson, Student, June 2014. A3Question I find this part of Task 3 to be misleading. The task states: Discuss how working capital can be properly obtained and managed for the Canadian expansion. The discussion should consider the lease-versus-buy analysis (Spreadsheet tab: Task 3_Lease vs Buy). This, to me, is asking how can we obtain working capital for the Canadian expansion? Then when I look at the Task 3 Lease vs Buy spreadsheet, it says The $200,000 in working capital and $50,000 down payment would have to be internally funded. This I feel is telling me that the working capital has to be internally funded. Therefore, for the question A3, I answered how the company can internally fund working capital in order to expand into Canada. I got it returned to me for However, other ways to obtain working capital, besides internal generation, should also be discussed. Sorry, I just needed to vent. This is the 2nd time Ive had this task returned and this one frustrated me. I am really struggling with understanding the lease vs buy option. Ià submitted my task and received the following response from the Grader The submission provides a good discussion of how to properly obtain and mange working capital for the Canadian Expansion. The recommendation to lease is presented; however, to fully support the decision an evaluation of the PV of outflows should be considered. What am I missing and what should I focus on. Should I be discussing that one yielding the higher NPV should be selected? Any thoughts and comments would be greatly appreciated.â⬠ââ¬Å"In the lease vs buy scenario, we discussing cash outflows, so you would want to select the option that will cost the company the least amount of working capital.â⬠Dr. Cherry, CM, august 2014 A3 Lease vs Buy ââ¬Å"I have a question on the financial information tab for Lease vs. Buy. The after tax cash flows for the lease option are $58,500 each year and Im wondering how we would arrive at this number? The storyline states that the five-year lease would entail payments of $90,000 each year for 5 years. It seems a stretch that the after tax cash flows would go all the way down to $58,500 from $90,000. Can anyone shed some light on this for me? Thanks!â⬠ââ¬Å"$90,000 * (1 tax rate) = $90,000 * .65â⬠Dr. Cherry, CM, August 2014 A4Allocation of Overhead As we consider the merit of opening or acquiring a Canadian operation, should we be concerned with the allocation of overhead and shared services, such as Executive Comp and some aspects of shared services such as A/P and A/R salary costs? Without these allocations, the US operations will carry the whole burden. James Crowe, July 2014 ââ¬Å"When considering the merger vs acquisition, first analyze the two projects to determine if both are financial viable. If so, then continue on with qualitative pros and cons.â⬠Dr. Cherry, CM, July 2014 alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-49201535799467350872020-01-22T20:25:00.001-08:002020-01-22T20:25:03.417-08:00Siberian Tigers :: essays research papers What it looks like: Siberian tiger is the largest and most rare of all members of the cat family. This cat is 8-10 feet long, excluding their 25-38 inch rattling tail. This species of tiger weighs 400-700 pounds. Like all members of the tiger family, males are significantly larger than females. à à à à à The fur of the Siberian tiger is long, thick and yellow with dark black stripes running through it. The coat of this animal is reddish colored in the summer months. The underside of the Siberian tiger is bright white, and the tail area is white and black. What its eating habits are: Like all members of the cat family, tigers are carnivores. The Siberian tiger hunts a wide range of prey, including small mammals, deer, water buffalo, wild pigs, and birds. Tigers ambush their prey, often camouflaging themselves and observing their intended victims for long periods of time. Siberian tigers are strong animals, able to tackle large animals almost twice their size, and render the victim helpless by inflicting a series of deadly bites into the animal's spine or throat. This semi-nocturnal animals covers 6-12 miles each night in search of food. MATING: Siberian tigers mate in winter months and following a 3-5 month gestation period, the female produces 3-4 cubs. Cubs weigh just over 2 pounds each and are born blind. The small litter of cubs stay close to their mother for the first 8 weeks of life. By 18 months, the young are capable of hunting on their own. Young stay with their mother for 2 years, at which time they leave the pact and travel solo. The life span of the Siberian tiger is 15 years in the wild, and significantly longer in captivity. LIFESTYLE: The Siberian tiger at one time ranged through Korea, China, parts of Russia, and Siberia. Today, they are near extinction in all areas, except Russia. The Siberian tiger is a solitary animal, preferring to travel and hunt alone or with a small pack. This animal lives in mountainous regions and heavily forested areas. The tiger's first line of defense is the rattle at the end of its tail. The Siberian tiger will shake the tail to warn off enemies or communicate to others the threat of danger. This cat is a powerful jumper and climber, also capable of running at high speeds. The paws of the Siberian tiger are equipped with long, sharp, dagger-like retractable claws. alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-88423987297644356682020-01-14T16:49:00.001-08:002020-01-14T16:49:03.612-08:00Is men appear stronger than women in his play ââ¬ÅA Midsummer Nights Dream ââ¬Å? EssayHow does Shakespeare make men appear stronger than women in his play ââ¬Å"A Midsummer Nights Dream ââ¬Å"? How does this affect society at the time of writing? ââ¬Å"A Midsummer Nights Dreamâ⬠was written by William Shakespeare and was rumoured to be written around 1598, when Elizabeth the 1st was on the throne. The reason that it is believed to be written around this era is that at the time there was a few years of bad weather in England. This links to the effects of Titania and Oberonââ¬â¢s argument over the changeling child whereby the fairy and mortal world are changed. Titania is the Queen of the fairies and Oberon is the King of the fairies. In this essay I will be providing evidence that men seem stronger than women in ââ¬Å"A Midsummer Nights Dreamâ⬠by using quotations and personal reasons. As ââ¬ËA Midsummer Nights Dreamââ¬â¢ is set in Athens and there are four main groups of characters, the lovers, the mechcanicals Theseus, the duke of Athens is getting married to Hippolyta, the Queen of amazons. Egeus has chosen a husband for his daughter, Hermia, who has refused to marry Demetrius. Egeus has gone to the Duke to ask him what he can do about his uncooperative daughter. The Dukes solution is to punish Hermia for disobeying her father; to die or to marry Demetrius. This contradicts my essay title that men are more powerful than women, however, this is only one of the very few times when women seem to be more powerful than men. Hermia is actually in love with Lysander and he is in love with her so he refuses to give her up to Demetruis. To avoid punishment from the Duke, they both flee the nearby forest just outside of Athens were they are followed by Helena and Demetruis. The problems start to arise when Puck, the henchman of Oberon places a love potion in the wrong athenians eye. Making Lysander fall in love with Helena and when he tries to resolve the problem he puts the ââ¬Å"love potionâ⬠in Demetriusââ¬â¢s eyes. Demetruis and Lysander are now madly in love with Helena leaving Hermia with nobody loving her. Again Puck creates another problem by messing about while a group of work men are rehearsing for a play that they hope to perform at the Dukeââ¬â¢s wedding. This creates a very humorous moment in the play. This is also evidence that the play was written for the Queen Elizabeth 1st as she liked comedies. This is ideal for Oberonââ¬â¢s plan to humiliate the Queen of the Fairies to get the changeling boy that he desires so much. During the period of time when the love juice is in effect, there is a lot of misunderstandings and bewilderment. The fairies create a lot of trouble in the play as well as a paranormal element. It is also like a dream when the play is set in the forest and then when it is set in the city of Athens it more realistic. In the play Egeus can not control his daughter so we assume that he is a weak person especially as in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s time it is thought that women were controlled by males and they werenââ¬â¢t suppose to question it. To prove this Theseus says, ââ¬Å"To you your father must be a god ââ¬Å" Egeus goes on to describe how Demetrius is a man who she should marry. He blames Lysander for her change in attitude towards him as the play continues, ââ¬Å"Turned her obedience, which is due to me, to stubborn harshnessâ⬠. During the time of Shakespeare women were possessions to men, as Egeus says, ââ¬Å"As she is mine, I may dispose of herâ⬠Egeus goes on to explain about the law but he needs Theseus to control the situation, as he is the Duke. In this situation the female involved, Hermia, is the more powerful then Egeus, however, the situation changes when they go and speak to Theseus. where they both threaten Hermia with death. To prove to her father that she will not obey him Hermia argues, ââ¬Å"I grow, so live, so die, my lordâ⬠¦unto his lordship, whose unwished yokeâ⬠This basically means that you can kill me but I will not be happy until I marry Lysander. Oberon is the King of the Fairies and Titania is the Queen of the Fairies. They are both powerful but in different ways and that is what makes the story interesting. When we first meet Oberon and Titania we find out that they are having an argument or a misunderstanding. We know this because the first thing that Oberon states is ââ¬Å"Ill be met by moonlight, proud Titaniaâ⬠Titania replies with ââ¬Å"I have forsworn his bed companyâ⬠This reply shows that they are in the middle of the quarrel as she wonââ¬â¢t do what Oberon wants her to do; to give him the changeling boy. For a long time Titania resists and she even refuses to go to bed with him. Again like Egeus and Hermia women are supposed to obey men and this is another example of disobedience from women. A changeling boy show power to who ever owns one as a changeling boy is a henchman thatââ¬â¢s why Titania wont even give him up for the for the Fairy Kingdom. ââ¬Å"Not for thy fairy kingdomâ⬠But Oberon response shows his power because he can take revenge ââ¬Å"Well go thy way â⬠¦ till I torment thee for this injuryâ⬠By saying this he explains to the audience how his strength and control can be used to retaliate against Titaniaââ¬â¢s infliction. Theseus and Hippolyta were both leaders of a cluster of people. Theseus was the Duke of Athens and had control over all the people that lived in the Greek city of Athens and Hippolyta was the Queen of the Amazons. The Amazons were a group of women that hated men who had fought in battles and also had a ritual to cut their right breast so they could fire arrows. They both had a lot of respect from two very different groups of people. Hippolyta was seen as a trophy wife, she was won in a battle and so became his prize. Theseus shows Hippolyta off to show that he has the power to win battles. As explained earlier Egeus came to Theseus with a dilemma about his daughter and to show his power he threatens her with a death penalty. During the play Hippolyta doesnââ¬â¢t say a lot of things and it is obvious that she has hidden feelings, but as a conclusion Theseus has a lot more power over her, this proving my statement. The first we see of Demetrius is in the forest and Helena is following him. They are both looking for Lysander and Hermia when we notice that Helena is trying to beg for Demetruisââ¬â¢s love, ââ¬Å"I am your spaniel â⬠¦ your wrongs do set a scandal on my sex we cannot fight love, as many men doâ⬠Helena seems a pushy character and seems selfish. I think this because it is obvious that he doesnââ¬â¢t love her but she still asks and pleads him to love her. The power is definitely towards Demetrius as he is denying Helenaââ¬â¢s love because he loves Hermia. Demetrius shows his strength and takes advantage of her by saying ââ¬Å"leave the city.â⬠The power changes after puck puts love juice in his eyes while he is sleeping. This affects everything as he now loves her so much and doesnââ¬â¢t love Hermia anymore as Demetrius says, ââ¬Å"O Helena, goddess nymph, perfect divineâ⬠By saying this he weakens his masculinity to what Helena was before. Queen Elizabeth was a very powerful woman and to show this she once said this very memorable quote, ââ¬Å"I know I have the body of a weak and feeble, but I have the heart and stomach of a king and a king of England at thatâ⬠This quote reflects how men were perceived as powerful and strong and women as weak and incapable. Queen Elizabeth was about the first woman to show that she was strong and not how women were portrayed as. She somewhat broke the dowry system law, which was that women were not aloud to work or do anything constructive. In conclusion of this essay I feel that men are overall more powerful than women but after further consideration I feel that towards the end of the play the power changes over to the women. This is all down to Puck and Oberon with the love juice. There is certain situations were women appear more powerful than men. That situation is with Egeus and Hermia, as she doesnââ¬â¢t get punished for loving Lysander rather than the chosen Demetrius. Even at the end of the play she still has power over him as they marry. I think the play was the best out of the Shakespeare plays that I have previously studied. I enjoyed it because it was one of the plays that I actually understood and I like the comedy that was included in the play. I also liked how the subplots all rolled in to one or they affected one of the other plots. alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-14691188455971390862020-01-06T13:13:00.001-08:002020-01-06T13:13:03.233-08:00American Charity Organizations America s Stand Point On... Americaââ¬â¢s Megalomaniac Urge to Put Others First Lesley Boone once said, ââ¬Å"We are a country that prides itself on power and wealth, yet there are millions of children who go hungry every day.â⬠When people think of world issues, many do not consider Americaââ¬â¢s stand point on the ordeal. They are unable to fully comprehend the growing lack of jobs, poverty, hunger, poor health care, and meager education that takes place across the nation. American charity foundations are often eager to jump to the rescue of other countries, but what about the detrimental issues that occur and worsen here every day? In the past, the majority of organizations are predominantly directed at foreign countries; helping places such as Ethiopia, India, Somalia, etc. While here, poverty and debt are increasing by surmountable amounts. Charities for other regions are beneficial, but shouldnââ¬â¢t people here be first priority? The majority of problems have the potential to be easily fi xed. What happens when we have nothing left to give? If the United States does not soon take this into consideration, it could be hazardous and irreversible to the American society. When considering where Americaââ¬â¢s charitable hands should go, many things need to be taken into consideration such as; charities outside of the U.S., should America put more effort into problems here, the increasing debt and poverty levels, and how benefits of focusing more here. 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(B) the ordeals of isolated characters living as survivalists in the sparsely populated hinterlands of the United States. (C) the inner psychological lives of privileged upper-class characters. (D) the exploits of characters with startling accomplishments and impressiveRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words à |à 860 Pagesmanagement : case studies I Harold Kerzner. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-471-75167-0 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-471-75167-7 (pbk.) 1. Project management-Case studies. I. Title. Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface xi 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems Healthcare, Inc. Clark Faucet Company 2 5 7 11 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Kombs Engineering 13 Williams Machine Tool CompanyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. 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(CMO Council, 2014) These figures reaffirm the importance of communicating with tomorrows alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-21321965664280871102019-12-29T09:37:00.001-08:002019-12-29T09:37:02.301-08:00Free Printable Math Charts, Grids and Graph Paper PDFs Even in early mathematics, certain specialized papers and tools must be used to ensure students are able to quickly and easily identify numbers on graphs, grids, and charts, but buying reams of graph or isometric paper can be expensive! For that reason, weve compiled a list of printable PDFs that will help prepare your student for completing his or her math course load. Whether its a standard multiplication or 100s chart or one-half inch graph paper, the following resources are essential for your elementary student to be able to participate in math lessons and each comes with its own utility for specific areas of study. Read on to discover the different charts, grids, and graph papers your young mathematician will need in order to complete his or her studies, and learn some fun facts about early mathematics along the way! Essential Charts for Grades One Through Five Every young mathematician should always have a few handy number charts in their possession in order to more easily solve the increasingly difficult equations presented in first through fifth grades, but none may be quite as useful as theà multiplication chart.à A multiplication chart should be laminated and used with young learners working on the multiplication fact families as each multiplication chart illustrates the various products of multiplying numbers up to 20 together. This will help expedite the process of calculating larger problems as well as helping students commit the basic multiplication table to memory. Another great chart for young learners is theà 100s Chart, whichà is primarily also used in grades one through five. 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Another version of dot paper,à isometric paper, features dots that are not placed in a standard grid format, rather the dots in the first column are raised a few centimeters from the dots in the second column, and this pattern repeats across the paper with every other column higher than the one before it. Isometric paper in sizesà 1 CMà andà 2 CMà is meant to help students understand abstract shapes and measurements. Coordinate Grids When students start to approach the topic of algebra, they will no longer rely on dot paper or graphs to plot the numbers in their equations; instead, they will rely on the more detailed coordinate grids with or without numbers alongside the axises. The size of the coordinate grids needed for each math assignment varies by each question, but generally speaking printing several à 20x20 coordinate grids with numbersà will suffice for most math assignments. Alternatively,à 9x9 dotted coordinate gridsà andà 10x10 coordinate grids, both without numbers, may suffice for early-level algebraic equations. Eventually, students may need to plot several different equations on the same page, so there are also printable PDFs that includeà four 10x10 coordinate gridsà without andà with numbers, fourà 15x15 dotted coordinate grids without numbers, and even nineà 10x10 Dottedà and non-dottedà coordinate grids. alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-27166930109773237122019-12-21T05:24:00.001-08:002019-12-21T05:24:02.620-08:00Addiction Is A Chronic Brain Disease - 1757 Words Addiction is a chronic brain disease that often results in some sort of relapse. Addiction is characterized by inability to control drug use which results in problems with oneââ¬â¢s behaviors and interpersonal relationships. This disease causes compulsive behaviors such as the need to use drugs despite the many harmful consequences that affect the addicted individual and those around him or her. Although for most people, the initial decision to use drugs is a one time lapse in judgement, the brain is easily affected by these drugs if the person decides to use these drugs multiple times. The changes that occur to the brain over time will cause the addicted personââ¬â¢s ability to resist the intense impulses of drugs to be altered causing the addict to often give into the temptation of these drugs. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result i n disability or premature death. Drug addiction is an issue that many people deal with whether they are the addict or the addict is their loved one; but with a good source of support anyone can over come the challenges and consequences of addiction. There are many factors such as biology, environment and development that results in the persons initial introduction into the world of drugs. Drug abuse may start as a way to socially connect. More often than not people try drugs for the first time in socialShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Drug Addiction952 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe eventual drug addiction is essentially involuntary. Drug addiction is a complex and chronic disease, a brain disease, which changes the way the brain functions. Drug addiction, much like chronic illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes, disrupts healthy, normal functioning organs. This has harmful consequences that are both preventable and treatable (Branch, 2011, pp.263-265). Drug addiction is considered a brain disease as drugs change the brain structure and how the brain operates. TheseRead MoreThe Perception Of Drug Addiction Essay1712 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction There is a wide-range reaction about drug addiction today in society. Illicit drug use continues to be a major social issue all over the world. Drug addiction defines a ââ¬Å"chronic, relapsing brain disorder that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequencesâ⬠(Kuhar, 2010:453 ). Research has shown that decades have passed since the clinical population has accepted addiction as a disease instead of a series of bad choices. Nevertheless, specific group affiliationRead MoreA Critical Look At Brain Disease1371 Words à |à 6 PagesCritical Look at Brain Disease Addiction, such as drug or alcohol addiction, is explained by a Dr. Nora Volkow in a HBO series on addiction as a disease of the brain that translates into abnormal behavior. 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Once that regular user crosses the line into addiction their only concern is theirRead MoreThe Disastrous Effects Of Parental Drug Addiction On Children1478 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Disastrous Impact of Parental Drug Addiction on Children Drug addiction is a serious issue in not only America today, but globally. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, substance addiction is a ââ¬Å"chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite the harmful consequencesâ⬠(ââ¬Å"What is drug addiction?â⬠). Drug abuse affects not only the user, but those around the user as well. The actions of a drug user place a significant amount of worry alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8780187702073916290.post-19579623695577821752019-12-13T01:54:00.001-08:002019-12-13T01:54:03.827-08:00Why Quaid Left Congress Free Essays In 1913 the Quaid-i-Azam joined the All India Muslim League without abandoning the membership of the Congress of which he had been an active member for some years. But this membership of the two organizations ended in December 1920. On the occasion of the special session at Nagpur the Congress adopted a new creed which permitted the use of unconstitutional means and decided to resort to non-violent non-co-operation for the attainment of self-government. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Quaid Left Congress or any similar topic only for you Order Now The new policy and programme in essence envisaged withdrawal of the students from schools and colleges, boycott of law-courts by lawyers and litigants as well as the impending elections to the legislatures under the Government of India act 1919 either as voters or as candidates. 1 The new philosophy of the Congress had been shaped almost entirely under the influence of Gandhi who had, by then, emerged as a commanding figure in Congress politics. Although there were many prominent Congressmen such as C. R. Das and Lala Lajpat Rai who did not subscribe to the programme of non-co-operation2, Jinnah was the only one in a crowd of several thousand people who openly expressed serious disagreement. A constitutionalist by conviction he was unable to endorse, what he called, a sterile programme that the Congress intended to pursue. He was not opposed to agitation or, even putting stronger, pressure on the Government but he distrusted the ââ¬Ëdestructive methods which did not take account of human nature, and which might slip out of control at any timeââ¬â¢3. He was convinced and he did not hesitate to tell Gandhi directly that ââ¬Ëyour way is the wrong way: mine is the right way ââ¬â the constitutional way is the right wayââ¬â¢4. But his voice of practical statesmanship was not heeded and Jinnah walked away not only out of the Congress session but from the Congress Party as well. Commenting on Jinnahââ¬â¢s courage as the solitary opponent of the Boycott resolution Col. Wedgwood, who was present in the Congress session as a fraternal delegate of the British Labour Party, observed that if India had only a few more men of Jinnahââ¬â¢s convictions she would not have to wait for long for her independence. Jinnahââ¬â¢s rupture with the Congress has been variously interpreted. Jawaharlal Nehru in his Autobiography is of the view that ââ¬Å"Temperamentally he did not fit in at all with the new Congress. He felt completely out of his element in the Khadi-clad crowd demanding speeches in Hindustaniâ⬠. 6 In a later work he has reiterated that Jinnah left the Congress ââ¬Ëbecause he could not adapt himself to the new and more advanced ideology and even more so because he dislike the crowds of ill-dressed people talking in Hindustani, who filled the Congressââ¬â¢7. This is hardly a convincing explanation of Jinnahââ¬â¢s breach with the Congress. During his fourteen year old8 association with the body he had freely mingled with the ââ¬ËKhadi-cladââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëill-dressedââ¬â¢ crowd at its meetings. This criticism, moreover, does not appear to reckon with the fact that the people whom Jinnah led in later years ââ¬â the Muslims ââ¬â were even poorer and less educated than Hindus who swelled the Congress gatherings and felt completely at home among them. It is of course true that the wilderness of unconstitutionalism had no appeal for him. There was nothing mealy-mouthed about it. He was convinced that Gandhian methodology for the solution of political problems would do great harm than good to India and especially the Muslims, as indeed it did. The Moplahs, the descendants of Arab sailors living along the Malabar Coast, rose in revolt against the British in August 1921 as partners in the non-co-operation movement and lost no less than 10,000 lives9. The Chauri-Chauri tragedy in the district of Gorakhpur, in February 1922, where twenty two policemen were overpowered and brutally burnt alive in the adjoining police station by a frenzied mob was also a sequel of Gandhiââ¬â¢s civil disobedience movement. Whether it was on account of excess such as these or some other unexplained factors, Gandhi realised his mistake at this stage; calling it a Himalayan blunder he called off the movement. Another Hindu writer would have us believe that Jinnah was a ââ¬Ëmisfit in the Indian National Congress after its assumption of a new complexion of agitation against the British Governmentââ¬â¢. 0 Writing in defence of the Nagpur Resolution, a British biographer of Gandhi has likewise suggested that the Congress demand for Swaraj ââ¬Ëwithin the British Empire if possible or outside it if necessaryââ¬â¢ was the clause which ââ¬Ëkilled the alliance with Jinnah and the Muslim Leagueââ¬â¢. In his opinion ââ¬Ëthe suggestion that I ndia might quit the Empire was too much for him ââ¬â having talked himself into total inefficacy he deserted Congress for everââ¬â¢11. The proposition that Jinnah was in league with the forces of British Imperialism is manifestly ncorrect. Any one who has made a dispassionate study of Jinnahââ¬â¢s political career and his public utterances inside as well as outside the Legislative Assembly would not fail to see that he was the bitterest critic of British rule throughout his public career. Immediately after the stormy session of the Congress at Nagpur, Jinnah explained the reasons for his dissociation from the Congress. Talking to a Hindu journalist he said ââ¬ËI will have nothing to do with this pseudo-religious approach to politics. I part company with the Congress and Gandhi. I do not believe in working up mob hysteria. Politics is a gentlemenââ¬â¢s gameââ¬â¢12. Speaking several years later, he charged Gandhi with destroying the ideal with which the Congress was started. He was the one man responsible for turning the Congress into an instrument for the revival of Hinduismââ¬â¢13. These words are neither a mere accusation nor a revelation. ââ¬ËGandhiââ¬â¢, in the words of Jawaharlal Nehru ââ¬Ëwas essentially a man of religion, a Hindu to the inner-most depths of his being14. His oft-expressed desire to live for 125 years was an old Hindu aspiration which ââ¬Ëaccording to Hindu tradition was the full span of human lifeââ¬â¢15. Even the political terminology he coined and the weapons he used to fight his political battles were characteristically Hindu. In an article, entitled, ââ¬ËThe Doctrine of the Swordââ¬â¢, written in 1920, he proudly proclaimed: ââ¬ËI have therefore ventured to place before India the ancient law of self-sacrifice. For Satyagraha and its off-shoots, non-co-operation and civil resistance, are nothing but new names for the law of suffering. The Rishis who discovered the law of non-violence in the midst of violence were greater geniuses than Newton. They were themselves greater warriors than Wellingtonââ¬â¢16. Despite his frequent professions that he was equally dedicated to all religions17, Gandhi left no one in doubt as to what his own religious beliefs were. In a language free from all ambiguity he said that he was Sanatani Hindu ââ¬Ëbecause I believe in the Vedas, the Upanishadas, the Purana and all that goes by the name of the Hindu scriptures, and therefore in avatars and rebirthââ¬â¢18. It was his religion and not politics which appealed to his Hindu followers. In the words of Subhas Chandra Bose, ââ¬Ëwhen the Mahatma speaks, he does so in a languageâ⬠¦of the Bhagvat Gita and the Ramayana. When he talks to them about Swarajâ⬠¦he reminds them of the glories of Ramarajya (the Kingdom of King Rama of old) and they understand. And when he talks of conquering through love and ahinsa (non-violence) they are reminded of Buddha and Mahavira and they accept him,19. In spite of ââ¬ËHimalayanââ¬â¢ miscalculations that he made and the obvious political blunders that he committed his popularity among the masses hardly ever waned. The explanation of this curious phenomenon lies in the fact that ââ¬Ëhe played cleverly on the religious superstitions of the ignorant and poverty-stricken millions of India and got away with itââ¬â¢20. It was this approach to politics which repelled Jinnah and his departure from the Congress may be regarded as the starting point of a long process of self-examination. He was therefore to look more and more to the needs of his own community. It may be mentioned in the passing that Gandhi and Jinnah were each otherââ¬â¢s antithesis in beliefs and ways of life and furnished an interesting study in contrast. There was hardly anything in common between them which could hold them together on one political platform for any length of time. Gandhi had been active in politics since his return from South Africa in 1915 and had consistently waged battles against the British Government on the question of political and constitutional future of India. But an accurate knowledge of facts and their details was not one of his otherwise numerous accomplishments. He himself admitted to Chimanlal Setalvad during the second session of the Round Table Conference that he had never read the Government of India Act of 1919. 21 In 1942 he wrote to Viceroy Lord Linlithgow that ââ¬Ëhe had been reading for the first time the Government of India Act of 1935ââ¬â¢ and added ââ¬Ëthat if only he had studied it carefullyâ⬠¦the course of Indian history might well have been differentââ¬â¢22. He was an enigma and a sort of mystic who seldom spoke directly and mostly acted on impulse which he conveniently descried as his ââ¬Ëinner voiceââ¬â¢. Even his closest associates like Nehru found him to be ââ¬Ëa very difficult person to understandââ¬â¢ because ââ¬Ësometimes his language was almost incomprehensible to an average modernââ¬â¢23. Lord Wavell at the end of one meeting with him complained that ââ¬Ëhe spoke to me for half an hour, and I am still not sure what he meant to tell me. Every sentence he spoke could be interpreted in at least two different ways. I would be happier were I convinced that he knew what he was saying himself, but I cannot even be sure of thatââ¬â¢24. He was quite capable of interpreting and reinterpreting his own statements and was ââ¬Ëperfectly prepared to go back at any time on anything he had said earlierââ¬â¢25. He could assume that role of a dictator in the Congress Party when it suited him while on other occasions when he believed that Hindu interests could be better served by his silence he would withdraw and innocently plead that he was not even an ordinary member of that Party. Jinnah, on the other hand was a down right political realist. True to his legal profession he would prepare his brief only after he was sure of his facts. There was a great deal of political idealism in him which was to grow with years but it was always based on the stark realities of the situation. He honoured his pledged word and as Lord Pethick Lawrence said, ââ¬Ëa man of very firm resolution, a man who when made a promise always kept it and if he felt any body else with whom he was negotiating failed to keep his promise he reacted very stronglyââ¬â¢26. To say that the two-nation theory was the only ââ¬Ëwall between Gandhi and Jinnahââ¬â¢27 is to oversimplify their mutual differences. It was a clash of two strong personalities, two distinct value systems and two irreconcilable ideologies and it were these differences what were ââ¬Ëto dictate the course of the pen that wrote the history of Indiaââ¬â¢28. Gandhi was a ââ¬Ëstrong manââ¬â¢ and he wanted complete submission not only from his followers but also from his co-workers. To expect Jinnah to offer unconditional acquiescence to any one and least of all to person like Gandhi was to hope for the impossible. This was completely alien to his way of thinking. The surprising thing is not that Jinnah left the Congress in 1920 but that he did not quit it earlier? It is therefore not a far-fetched assumption that Jinnah would have given up the Congress even if he had not voted for non-co-operation at Nagpur. It may have come about a little later but to expect that he would have continued to work in the Congress, in spite of Gandhiââ¬â¢s ascendancy with Hindu philosophy as the guiding star of his politics, appears highly unlikely. How to cite Why Quaid Left Congress, Essay examples alyssawhit1http://www.blogger.com/profile/03556339595829866184noreply@blogger.com0